Alexander Rose

infobox bishopbiog
name = Alexander Rose


See = Diocese of Edinburgh
Title = Bishop of Edinburgh
Period = 1687–1689
consecration = 1687
Predecessor = John Paterson
Successor = Episcopacy abolished
post = Professor of Divinity, University of Glasgow;
Principal of St Mary's College, St Andrews| bishops = Bishop of Moray
date of birth = 1645 x 1146
place of birth = Scotland
date of death = March 20, 1720
place of death = Canongate, Edinburgh

Alexander Rose (died 1720) was a Scottish academic, minister and bishop of the 17th and early 18th century. He was a Church of Scotland minister before becoming Professor of Divinity at the University of Glasgow and Principal of St Mary's College, St Andrews. He rose to become Bishop of Moray and then Bishop of Edinburgh. He was responsible for failing to convince King William III of England that the Scottish bishops could be trusted, leading to the abolition of Episcopacy in Scotland. Rose continued as a nonjuring bishop, eventually becoming leader of the informal and embryonic Scottish Episcopal Church.

Early life and career

Alexander was born in either 1645 or 1646, a year that can be calculated because we know that he was 74 years old at his death in March 1720. The Rose [Ross] family originally came from Kilravock near Inverness. His father had been Prior of Monymusk. He entered the University of Aberdeen for a Master of Arts, but moved to the University of Glasgow to study divinity under Dr. Gilbert Burnet, later Bishop of Salisbury.

Rose received his license as a minister from the Presbytery of Glasgow on April 20, 1670. He became a minister at Perth in August 1672, but only after the town had unsuccessfully tried to secure the appointment of Alexander's uncle, Arthur Rose. He was ordained in the following October after the necessary trials. In 1682 Alexander became Professor of Divinity at Glasgow, almost certainly with the help of his uncle, now Archbishop of Glasgow. On October 22, 1686 he got a royal presentation to be principal of St Mary's College, St Andrews.

Bishop of Moray and Edinburgh

Rose's career rise continued. In December of this year (1686), he was recommended by the king to be selected as the new Bishop of Moray. The royal mandate for his consecration was issued on March 8, 1687. However, before even taking possession of the diocese of Moray, he was translated to the diocese of Edinburgh, after his name had been put forward by Colin Lindsay, 3rd Earl of Balcarres. He was elected on December 21, and despite the protests of some dissenting ministers, was appointed to the position on December 31.

In December 1688, Bishop Rose and Bishop Andrew Bruce were chosen by the Scottish bishops to travel to London, but Bishop Bruce fell ill and Rose was compelled to continue alone. The situation he found himself in was having to decide on behalf of all the Scottish bishops whether to support William of Orange or James II of England. William was prepared to retain Episcopacy in Scotland if the bishops would acknowledge him. Probably on January 30, 1689, Bishop Rose met with King William.

Bishop Rose was sympathetic to King James, and though William's cause had already clearly triumphed, he was not sure about committing the other Scottish bishops. When asked for his support, Bishop Rose gave a highly ambiguous reply:

Sir, I will serve you as far as law, reason, or conscience shall allow me. [Quoted in Clarke, "Rose , Alexander (1645/6–1720)".]

Rose returned to Scotland without having committed either the bishops to King William, nor King William to the bishops. Later in the year, Rose was almost certainly one of the seven Scottish bishops who voted against forfeiting King James and offering the Scottish crown to William. This was probably enough to convince King William that the Scottish bishops were too sympathetic to Jacobitism, and there were more than enough hard-line Presbyterians in Scotland who hated the existence of bishops. It was thus that, on July 20, 1689, Episcopacy in Scotland was abolished and all bishops were deprived of their sees.

The nonjuring bishop and metropolitan

Rose continued in practice to act as a nonjuring bishop, privately acknowledging the primacy of his uncle, now Archbishop of St Andrews. Though deprived of any formal authority, Rose gained informal influence over the embryonic Scottish Episcopal Church. After the death of firstly Arthur Rose (d. 1704) and then John Paterson (d. 1708), Archbishop of Glasgow, Alexander Rose was regarded as the senior nonjuring bishop in Scotland. In 1705, along with former-Bishop Douglas of Dunblane, he performed the consecration of John Fullarton and John Sage; he consecrated five more "bishops" between 1709 and 1718.

Routinely suspected of Jacobitism, under severe pressure, and suffering declining number of sympathising ministers, Rose quietly led as the metropolitan of Scottish Episcopalians. He also tried to obtain the help of Church of England and Queen Anne. He was involved in the Jacobite rising of 1715, as a trustee of the "Old Pretender", James Francis Edward Stuart.

Death and family

He died on March 20, 1720, of apoplexy, and was buried in the grounds of Restalrig church. He married once, to a woman named Euphan, the daughter of the provost of Perth, Patrick Threipland of Fingask. His son John Rose fought in the Jacobite Rebellion of 1715, and was captured at the battle of Sheriffmuir, though he obtained clemency partly due to his father's influence.

Notes

References

* Clarke, Tristram, "Rose , Alexander (1645/6–1720)", in "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/24111, accessed 6 May 2007]
* Keith, Robert, "An Historical Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops: Down to the Year 1688", (London, 1924)