Guadeloupe raccoon

Taxobox
name = Guadeloupe raccoon
status = EN
status_system = iucn2.3
trend = down

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image_width = 240px
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Mammalia
ordo = Carnivora
familia = Procyonidae
genus = "Procyon"
species = "P. lotor"
subspecies = "P. l. minor"
binomial = "Procyon lotor minor"
binomial_authority = Miller, 1911

The Guadeloupe raccoon ("Procyon lotor minor") is a subspecies of the common raccoon endemic on the two main islands Basse-Terre Island and Grande-Terre of Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles. [cite book | last=Zeveloff | first=Samuel I. | title=Raccoons: A Natural History | publisher=Smithsonian Books | location=Washington, D. C. | year=2002 | isbn=978-1588340337 | pages=42, 44 (This source was used for all information in this article unless noted otherwise.)]

Classification

Thought to be a distinct species in the past, two studies in 1999 and 2003 yielded the result that the Guadeloupe raccoon is a subspecies of the common raccoon ("Procyon lotor"). The study of its morphological and genetic traits done in 2003 by Kristofer M. Helgen and Don E. Wilson indicated that the Guadeloupe raccoon was introduced by humans just a few centuries ago. This assumption is supported by the fact that the Guadeloupe raccoon seems to be closely related to the Bahaman raccoon ("Procyon lotor maynardi"), which is endemic on New Providence Island in the Bahamas, an archipelago nearly 2,000 km (1,243 mi) away.cite journal | last=Helgen | first=Kristofer M. | coauthors=Wilson, Don E. | year=2003 | month=Januar | title=Taxonomic status and conservation relevance of the raccoons ("Procyon" spp.) of the West Indies | journal=Journal of Zoology | volume=259 | issue=1 | pages=69-76 | publisher=The Zoological Society of London | location=Oxford | issn=0952-8369] Therefore, the Guadeloupe raccoon is listed to be conspecific with the Bahaman raccoon in the third edition of Mammal Species of the World and its former scientific name "Procyon (lotor) minor" is listed as a synonym for "Procyon lotor maynardi". [cite book | last=Wilson | first=Don E. | coauthors=Reeder, DeeAnn M. | title=Mammal Species of the World | url=http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/ | accessdate=2008-08-09 | edition=3rd Edition | date= | year=2005 |month= | publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press | location=Baltimore, Maryland | isbn=978-0801882210 | pages=627–628 | chapter="Procyon" | chapterurl=http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14001658]

Description

Compared to an average sized common raccoon the Guadeloupe raccoon is small, making it probably an example of insular dwarfism, and its skull delicate. The coat is dark gray with a slight ocher tint on the neck and shoulders. On the underparts only few guard hairs cover the light brown ground hairs.

Conservation

In 1996, the Guadeloupe raccoon was classified as endangered by the IUCN because its population number of less than 2,500 mature individuals has continued to decline. [IUCN2007 | assessors=Mustelid Specialist Group | year=1996 | id=18270 | title=Procyon minor | downloaded=2008-08-08] Considering its small range, the Guadeloupe raccoon was most likely never numerous, just as well as the four other island raccoons (Cozumel raccoon, Tres Marias raccoon, Bahaman raccoon and the extinct Barbados raccoon).

The Guadeloupe raccoon suffers from the destruction of its native habitat on Guadeloupe, mangrove forests and the rainforest. Furthermore, it is still hunted by the islanders for food and is threatened by the reported introduction of the crab-eating raccoon. The Guadeloupe raccoon has been chosen as emblematic species for the Guadeloupe National Park, but it may face extinction without additional conservation efforts.

On the other hand, Helgen and Wilson are of the opinion that the Guadeloupe raccoon itself could be considered to be an invasive species which poses a threat to the insular ecosystem.

References