Phyllis Tate

Phyllis Tate (April 6, 1911 – May 29, 1987) is an English composer known for forming unusual instrumentations in her compositions. Her musical style has been called avant-garde and she is recognized for appealing to amateur performers and children.

Biography

Born in Buckinghamshire, England, to an architect, Phyllis Tate was kicked out of primary school by her headmistress at the age of 10 for singing a lewd song at the end of the year. Not a very auspicious beginning for such a prolific composer, who then (much to the disdain of her mother) taught herself how to play the ukulele. She was discovered in 1928 by Harry Farjeon, who prompted to her to receive formal music training, which she took up at the Royal Academy of Music for the next four years. While at the academy, where she studied composition, timpani, and conducting, Tate composed a number of pieces while attending the academy, including an operetta entitled "The Policeman’s Serenade". However, because she was extremely self-critical, all of her compositions from before the mid 1940s were destroyed by Tate herself.

The first piece she would claim as her own was a concerto for saxophone and strings, written in 1944 commissioned by the BBC. However, none of this would bring her the acclaim she received in 1947. In those three years, Tate composed four pieces: the concerto, a sonata for clarinet and cello (1947), Songs of Sundry Natures (1945), and Nocturne for Four Voices (1945). Furthermore, Tate enjoys using atypical instrumental combinations. Songs is scored for a baritone accompanied by a flute, clarinet, bassoon, horn and harp. Nocturne is written for four voices with a string quartet, double bass, bass clarinet, and celesta . However, immediately following this abundant creativity, Tate fell into a five year slump due to illness.

For not wishing to write larger instrumental works, Tate’s overall artistic output is extraordinary. All in all, she experimented in many genres, including orchestral music, chamber music, operas and operettas, sacred music, piano music, and vocal music, which is where she concentrated her efforts. Her most famous pieces, aside from those mentioned above, include her setting of Tennyson’s The Lady of Shalott, which was written for the 10th anniversary of the BBC Third Programme; the opera "The Lodger", based on the tale of Jack the Ripper; her "Prelude, Interlude, and Postlude" for chamber orchestra; "All The World’s A Stage"; "Saint Martha and the Dragon"; "The What d’ye Call It"; a Secular Requiem; and London Fields, a four movement suite, also commissioned by the BBC.

Although committees were not her forte, Tate was involved in my organizations, usually joining their boards. She participated in the Hampstead Music Club, the Barnet and District Choral Society (she was president and wrote "Saint Martha and the Dragon" for it), the Performing Rights Society’s Member Fund (she was the first woman appointed to be on their management committee), and the Composers’ Guild (where she served on the executive committee).

Tate believed that “music should entertain and give pleasure” (Fuller OUP 1). In 1979, she wrote “I must admit to having a sneaking hope that some of my creations may prove to be better than they appear. One can only surmise and it’s not for the composer to judge. All I can vouch is this: writing music can be hell; torture in the extreme; but there’s one thing worse; and that is not writing it” (Whitehouse 2). After hearing her play at a lunch one day, Dame Ethel Smyth said “At last I have heard a real woman composer!” (Whithouse 2) However, since, at that point, Smyth’s hearing was less than ideal, so Tate did not put much stock into this.

Tate married a music editor, Alan Clifford Frank, in 1935. The two of them had two children together: a son born in 1940 and a daughter in 1952. Frank worked for Oxford University Press, the company that began to publish Tate’s compositions in 1935 OUP still publishes some of her work today, 20 years after her passing.

Discography

*"Grimethorpe". Various performers. Chandos B000000A7V, 1997.
*"In Praise of Women". Anthony Rolfe Johnson, tenor; Graham Johnson, piano. Hyperion B00026W65Y, 2004.
*"Lee Carrol Levine… Plus!". Roy Christensen, Virginia Christensen, Rebecca Culnan, Lee Carroll Levine, Craig Nies, Christian Teal. Gasparo Records B0001DMUW2, 2004.
*"London Landmarks". Royal Ballet Sinfonia. White Line B000067UM9, 2002.
*"Songs My Father Taught Me". Sir Thomas Allen, baritone; Malcolm Martineau, piano. Hyperion B00005Y0N9, 2002.

Bibliography

*Fuller, Sophie. Liner notes from In Praise of Women. 1994.
*---. “Tate, Phyllis (Margaret Duncan).” "Grove Music Online". Ed. L. Macy. (Accessed April 19, 2007), http://www.grovemusic.com.
*---. “Tate, Phyllis Margaret Duncan (1911-1987).” O"xford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford University Press, 2004. (Accessed April 25, 2007), http://www.oxforddnb.com.
*Searle, Humphrey. “Phyllis Tate.” "The Musical Times". Vol. 96, No. 1347 (May 1955): 244-247. Accessed April 25, 2007, http://www.jstor.org.
*“Tate, Phyllis (Margaret Duncan).” "International Encyclopedia of Women Composers". Ed. Aaron I. Cohen. 2 vols. New York: Books & Music, Inc., 1987.
*“Tate.” "Oxford University Press". 2007 (Accessed April 20, 2007). http://wwwoup.co.uk.
*Whitehouse, Edmund. “Phyllis Tate (1911-85).” "MusicWeb International". 2007 (Accessed April 25, 2007). http://www.musicweb.uk.net.