- Pan Am Flight 110
Infobox Airliner accident|name=Pan Am Flight 110
Date=December 17 ,1973
Type=Aircraft Attack
Site=Rome, Italy
Origin=Leonardo Da Vinci International Airport
Stopover=Beirut International Airport
Destination=Mehrabad Airport
Fatalities=30
Injuries=20
Aircraft Type=Boeing 707-300
Operator=Pan American World Airways
Tail Number=airreg|N|407PA|disaster
Passengers=167
Crew=10
Survivors=137
OnDecember 17 ,1973 , Pan Am Flight 110 was scheduled to fly fromLeonardo Da Vinci International Airport inRome toBeirut International Airport inLebanon and then on toTehran ,Iran . At the controls of the Boeing 707-321B (registration number airreg|N|407PA|disaster), the "Clipper Celestial", were Captain Andrew Erbeck,First Officer Robert Davison, andFlight Engineer Kenneth Pfrang.At approximately 1:10 PM (13:10) local time, just as Flight 110 was preparing to taxi, between six and ten
Palestinian guerrillas made their way through the terminal building, armed withautomatic weapon s andgrenade s. The guerillas removed submachine guns from hand luggage bags and began firing throughout the terminal, shattering windows and killing two. Crew in the cockpit of the aircraft were able to observe travelers and airport employees in the building running for cover. Captain Erbeck announced over the plane'spublic address system that there was some commotion in the terminal and ordered all on board to get down on the floor.Several of the gunmen ran across the
tarmac toward the Pan American jet, throwing at least two and as many as fivephosphorus incendiary hand grenades through the open front and rear doors of the aircraft. The explosions knocked crew and passengers to the ground, and the cabin filled with thick, acrid smoke from the resulting fires.Flight attendant s were able to open theemergency exit over the wing on one side of the plane; the other was obstructed by gunmen. The crew attempted to evacuate as many passengers as possible through the available exit, but twenty-nine people perished on the plane, including all eleven passengers in the first class section. FourMoroccan high officials heading to Iran for a visit, and Bonnie Erbeck, wife of the captain, were among the dead. Captain Andrew Erbeck survived the attack. Also killed were fourteenAramco employees and employee family members.Lufthansa hijacking
Other gunmen took several Italian hostages and
Lufthansa ground crewmembers into aLufthansa Boeing 737 waiting to depart forMunich . An Italian customs guard was shot dead on the ground after resisting. The plane, containing CaptainJoe Kroese , the first officer, two flight attendants, two ground crew, and eight Italian hostages, took off forAthens ,Greece on the orders of the five guerrillas also on board. After landing inAthens , the guerrillas demanded by radio the release of two Palestinian gunmen responsible for a previous attack on an Athens airport terminallounge . They claimed to have killed five hostages, including the plane's first officer. The guerrillas also threatened to crash the jet in the middle of Athens if their demands were not met. In reality, only one Italian hostage had been killed and one wounded. The plane took off again from Athens after sixteen hours on the ground and after the gunmen had released the wounded hostage and dumped the body of the dead hostage onto the tarmac.The plane next headed for
Beirut , where Lebanese authorities refused to allow landing, and blocked therunway with vehicles.Cyprus also refused to allow landing. The guerrillas on board finally ordered the plane to be landed inDamascus ,Syria , allegedly because the plane was running low on fuel. In Syria,Air Force Commander Major GeneralNaji Jamil attempted to persuade the Palestinians to release the hostages, but they refused. The Syrians provided food and refueled the plane. They also treated a head injury suffered by one of the hijackers. The plane took off again after about two to three hours.The commandeered jet next headed for
Kuwait , where Kuwaiti authorities refused to allow it to land. Captain Kroese was ordered by the guerrillas to land anyway on a secondary runway. An hour of negotiations between the Palestinian gunmen and the Kuwaiti authorities ended with the release of all twelve remaining hostages in exchange for "free passage" to an unknown destination for the gunmen. The gunmen were permitted to retain their weapons and made a V-for-victory sign with their hands upon leaving the plane.It was reported that Kuwaiti authorities later took the hijackers to an air base for
interrogation purposes. Kuwait announced that it had no intention of putting the hijackers on trial, and initially considered releasing the hijackers to thePalestine Liberation Organization . In March 1974, PresidentAnwar Sadat ofEgypt agreed to allow them to come toCairo under the responsibility of thePLO , which said the men would be tried for carrying out an "unauthorized operation."The five guerrillas were later released under negotiations during another hijacking that took place on
November 21 ,1974 , but were then returned to the custody of the PLO. It is unclear what happened to them after their return to PLO custody.ources
* [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,910908,00.html Death in Rome Aboard Flight 110] , "
TIME " magazine,December 31 ,1973 . Retrieved onApril 10 ,2007 .
*"Arab Hijackers Land in Kuwait; Hostages Freed," "The New York Times ",December 19 ,1973 . Page 1.
*"Arab Guerrillas Kill 31 in Rome During Attack on U.S. Airliner, Take Hostages and Go to Athens," "The New York Times",December 18 ,1973 . Page 1.
*"Gunmen Punished, P.L.O. Announces," "The New York Times",January 25 ,1975 . Page 1. (The "gunmen punished" were those involved in the November 21 hijacking.)
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/5/newsid_4533000/4533763.stm Athens attack leaves 3 dead] , "BBC News",August 5 ,1973 . Retrieved onApril 10 ,2007 .
* [http://www.tkb.org/Incident.jsp?incID=1190 MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base record of December 17, 1973] . Retrieved onApril 10 ,2007 .ee also
*
Pan Am
*Aircraft hijacking
*List of terrorist incidents
*List of notable accidents and incidents on commercial aircraft
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