Parry arc

A Parry arc is a rare halo, an optical phenomenon which occasionally appears over a 22° halo together with a upper tangent arc.

Discovery

The halo was first described by Sir William Edward Parry (1790-1855) in 1820 during one of his Arctic expeditions in search for the Northwest Passage. On April 8, under harsh conditions while his two ships were trapped by ice forcing him to winter over at Melville Island in the northern Canadian Arctic Archipelago, he made a drawing of the phenomenon. The drawing accurately renders the parhelic circle, a 22° halo, a pair of sun dogs, a lower tangent arc, a 46° halo, and a circumzenithal arc. He did, however, get the upper tangent arc slightly wrong. On the other hand, he added two arcs extending laterally from the bases of the 46° halo, for long interpreted as incorrectly drawn infralateral arcs, but, as thing were, probably correctly drawn subhelic arcs. (both produced by the same crystal orientation but with light passing through different faces of the crystals.)Cowley, "Parry 1820"]

Formation

Parry arcs are generated by double-oriented hexagonal column crystals, i.e. a so called Parry orientation, where both the central main axis of the prism and the top and bottom prism side faces are oriented horizontally. This orientation is responsible for several rare haloes. Parry arcs are the result of light passing through two side faces forming a 60° angle. The shape of Parry arcs changes with the elevation of the sun and are subsequently called upper or lower arcs to indicate they are found above or under the sun, and sunvex or suncave depending on their orientation.Cowley, "Parry Arcs"] Arbeitskreis Meteore, "Parry Arc"] Parry arcs can be confused with either upper tangent arcs, Lowitz arcs, and any of the odd radius halos produced by pyramidal crystals.

Notes

References

* cite web
url = http://www.atoptics.co.uk/halo/p1820.htm
title = Parry 1820 | first = Les | last = Cowley | authorlink = Les Cowley
publisher = Atmospheric Optics | accessdate = 2007-04-23 (Including a computer simulation recreating the halo observed by Parry.)
* cite web
url = http://www.atoptics.co.uk/halo/parry1.htm
title = Parry Arcs | first = Les | last = Cowley | authorlink = Les Cowley
publisher = Atmospheric Optics | accessdate = 2007-04-23
* cite web
url = http://www.meteoros.de/arten/ee27e.htm
title = Parry Arc | publisher = Arbeitskreis Meteore e.V.
accessdate = 2007-04-23 | language = English

See also

* Lowitz arc

External links

* [http://www.mountainweather.com/halo-nov15-gif.gifClose-up of an upper Parry arc by Bruce Grieg] (GIF)
* [http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/1639/2131/1600/sim_photo.0.jpgHalo Reports] - Photo by Joe MacGregor of a rare lower Parry sunvex arc in Antarctica ( [http://haloreports.blogspot.com/2006/10/lower-parry-arc-in-antarctica-region.html Blogg] )