Gangkhar Puensum

Infobox Mountain
Name = Gangkhar Puensum
Photo = GangkharPuensum3.jpg
Caption =
Elevation = convert|7570|m|ft|0|lk=on
Ranked 40th
Location = flag|Bhutan, flag|Tibet
Range = Himalaya
Prominence = convert|2995|m|ft|0|abbr=on
pushpin_

pushpin_label_position = bottom
pushpin_map_caption = Location of Gangkhar Puensum in Bhutan (on Tibetan border)
pushpin_mapsize =
coordinates_ref=
latd= 28|latm= 06|lats= 00|latNS=N
longd= 90|longm= 26|longs= 00|longEW=E
Coordinates = coord|28|06|N|90|26|E|type:mountain|display=inline
First ascent = Unclimbed
Easiest route =
Listing = Ultra

Gangkhar Puensum is the highest mountain in Bhutan and the highest unclimbed mountain in the world with an elevation of 7570 metres and a prominence of over 2990 metres [SRTM.] . After Bhutan was opened for mountaineering in 1983 there were four expeditions that made failed summit attempts in 1985 and 1986. However, in 1998, a team successfully climbed a subsidiary peak of the mountain from Tibet.

Gangkhar Puensum, alternative transliteration Gangkar Punsum or Gankar Punzum (meaning [http://www2.cruzio.com/~voyageur/gangkhar.htm 3 mountain siblings] "), had its altitude first measured in 1922 but, until recent years, maps of the region were not at all accurate and the mountain had been shown in different locations and with markedly different heights. Indeed, because of inadequate mapping, the first team to attempt the summit was unable to find the mountain at all.

The book of the 1986 British expedition gives the mountain's height as 24,770 feet and states that Gangkhar Puensum is completely inside Bhutan, whereas the nearby Kula Kangri is completely inside Tibet. Kula Kangri, 7554 metres, is a separate mountain 30 km to the northeast which was first climbed in 1986. It is variously mapped and described as being in Tibet or Bhutan.

Since 1994 climbing of mountains in Bhutan higher than 6000 metres has been prohibited out of respect for local spiritual beliefs and since 2003 mountaineering has been forbidden completely.Gangkhar Puensum may keep its unique status for some time: Any higher unclimbed peaks in the world are likely to be subsidiary tops, not separate mountains.

In 1998 a Japanese expedition secured permission from the Chinese Mountaineering Association to climb the mountain, but permission was withdrawn because of a political issue with Bhutan. Instead, in 1999, the team set off from Tibet and successfully climbed the 7535 metre subsidiary peak, Liankang Kangri (also known as Gangkhar Puensum North). Unlike most maps, the expedition's report shows this summit as being in Tibet and the Tibet-Bhutan border is shown crossing the summit of Gangkhar Puensum, described as "the highest peak in Bhutan," at 7570 metres. This elevation is supported by Japanese sources, in turn based on Chinese sources. It has not been surveyed by Bhutan.

References and External links

* Berry, Steven K. (1988). ‘’The Thunder Dragon Kingdom: A Mountaineering Expedition to Bhutan’’ (1st ed.). Marlborough: Crowood Press ISBN 1-85223-146-7 and Seattle: Cloudcap Press ISBN 0-938567-07-1. This is the book of the 1986 British Expedition.

* [http://www.nirvanaexpeditions.com/pictures/nature/imagepages/image3.htm Nirvana Expeditions] photograph of the mountain (visual site, flora and fauna).

* [http://www.himalayankingdoms.com/ Himalayan Kingdoms Ltd]

* [http://tin-tin-trekking.com/bhutan-map.htm Tin-Tin Trekking] map of part of Bhutan including the mountain (northeast corner).

* [http://www.travelintelligence.com/wsd/articles/art_1000165.html Travel Intelligence] article about mountaineering in Bhutan and the restrictions.
* [http://www.jac.or.jp/english/jan/vol1/GANKARPUNZUM.pdf Report of 1999 Japanese Expedition] .