Flaccid paralysis

Flaccid paralysis

Infobox_Disease
Name = Flaccid paralysis


Caption =
DiseasesDB =
ICD10 = ICD10|G|81|0|g|80, ICD10|G|82|0|g|80, ICD10|G|82|3|g|80
ICD9 = ICD9|359.9
ICDO =
OMIM =
MedlinePlus =
eMedicineSubj =
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Flaccid paralysis is a clinical manifestation characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma). [Alberta Government Health and Wellness (2005) [http://www.health.gov.ab.ca/professionals/ND_Acute_Flaccid_Paralysis.pdf Acute Flaccid Paralysis] Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines.]

Causes

Polio

The term acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is often used to describe a sudden onset, as might be found with polio.

AFP is the most common sign of acute polio, and used for surveillance during polio outbreaks. AFP is also associated with a number of other pathogenic agents including enteroviruses, echoviruses, and adenoviruses, among others. [cite journal |author=Kelly H, Brussen KA, Lawrence A, Elliot E, Pearn J, Thorley B |title=Polioviruses and other enteroviruses isolated from faecal samples of patients with acute flaccid paralysis in Australia, 1996-2004 |journal=Journal of paediatrics and child health |volume=42 |issue=6 |pages=370–6 |year=2006 |pmid=16737480 |doi=10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00875.x]

Botulism

The Clostridium botulinum bacteria are the cause of botulism. Vegetative cells of "C. botulinum" may be ingested. Introduction of the bacteria may also occur via endospores in a wound. When the bacteria is in vivo they induce flaccid paralysis. This happens because "C. botulinum" produces a toxin which blocks the release of acetylcholine. When this occurs, the muscles are unable to contract. [ [http://www.cdc.gov/NCIDOD/DBMD/diseaseinfo/botulism_g.htm Disease Listing, Botulism, General Information | CDC Bacterial, Mycotic Diseases ] ]

Other

Flaccid paralysis can be associated with a lower motor neurone lesion. This is in contrast to a upper motor neurone lesion, which often presents with spastic paralysis.Included in AFP's list are Poliomyelitis, Transverse myelitis,Guillain-Barré syndrome, enteroviral encephalopathy [Anis-ur-Rehman, Idris M, Elahi M, Jamshed, Arif A. Guillain Barre syndrome: the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis in Hazara division. "J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad". 2007 Jan-Mar;19(1):26-8.] , traumatic neuritis, Reye's syndrome etc.An AFP Surveillance programme is conducted to increase case yield of poliomyelitis. This includes collection of 2 stool samples within 14 days of onset of paralysis and identification of virus. and control of the outbreak and strengthening immunisation in that area.

References

ee also

* flaccid

External links

* [http://www.uwo.ca/cns/resident/pocketbook/approach/acute_flaccid_paralysis.htm Approach to Acute Flaccid Paralysis] (Diagnosis, Management etc.)
* [http://www.whoipd.org/ WHO Programme for Immunization Preventable Diseases (IPD)] A Collaboration between World Health Organization and Government of Nepal
* [http://www.whoipd.org/Contents/AFP/ ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS] information from the IPD
* [http://www.npspindia.org/ National Polio Surveillance Project of India]
* [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4841a2.htm Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication -- Nepal, 1996-1999] "CDC", "MMWR" October 22, 1999 / 48(41);941-944
* [http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/PREVIEW/MMWRHTML/mm5137a1.htm Acute Flaccid Paralysis Syndrome Associated with West Nile Virus Infection --- Mississippi and Louisiana, July--August 2002] "CDC", "MMWR" September 20, 2002 / 51(37);825-828
*Sejvar JJ, Leis AA, Stokic DS, Ven Gerpen JA, Marfin AA, Webb R, et al. [http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no7/03-0129.htm Acute flaccid paralysis and West Nile virus infection] . "CDC","Emerg Infect Dis". July 2003
*Saeed M, Zaidi SZ, Naeem A, Masroor M, Sharif S, Shaukat S, Angez M, Khan A. [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1804272 Epidemiology and clinical findings associated with enteroviral acute flaccid paralysis in Pakistan] . "BMC Infect Dis". 2007 Feb 15;7:6.


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • flaccid paralysis — n paralysis in which muscle tone is lacking in the affected muscles and in which tendon reflexes are decreased or absent * * * any paralysis accompanied by loss of muscle tone and absence of tendon reflexes in the paralyzed part. Cf. spastic p …   Medical dictionary

  • flaccid paralysis — noun weakness or loss of muscle tone resulting from injury or disease of the nerves innervating the muscles • Hypernyms: ↑nervous disorder, ↑neurological disorder, ↑neurological disease * * * noun : paralysis in which muscle tone is lacking in… …   Useful english dictionary

  • flaccid paraplegia — flaccid paralysis in the lower limbs. Cf. spastic p …   Medical dictionary

  • Paralysis — Not to be confused with Spasticity, Sensory loss, or Numbness. Paralysed redirects here. For other uses, see Paralysed (disambiguation). Paralyse redirects here. For the 2008 pop song, see Paralyse (song). For other uses, see Paralysis… …   Wikipedia

  • flaccid — adj. 1) flabby and lacking in firmness. 2) characterized by a decrease in or absence of muscle tone. In flaccid paralysis there is absence of muscle tone in one or both limbs, and tendon reflexes are absent. It is a sign of damage to lower motor… …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • flaccid — Relaxed, flabby, or without tone. [L. flaccidus] * * * flac·cid flas əd, flak səd adj not firm or stiff also lacking normal or youthful firmness <flaccid muscles> flac·cid·i·ty fla(k) sid ət ē n, pl ties * * * adj. 1. flabby and …   Medical dictionary

  • paralysis — n. muscle weakness that varies in its extent, its severity, and the degree of spasticity or flaccidity according to the nature of the underlying disease and its distribution in the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, or muscles. Derivatives:… …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • Paralysis — Loss of voluntary movement (motor function). Paralysis that affects only one muscle or limb is partial paralysis, also known as palsy; paralysis of all muscles is total paralysis, as may occur in cases of botulism. * * * 1. Loss of power of… …   Medical dictionary

  • paralysis — /peuh ral euh sis/, n., pl. paralyses / seez /. 1. Pathol. a. a loss or impairment of voluntary movement in a body part, caused by injury or disease of the nerves, brain, or spinal cord. b. a disease characterized by this, esp. palsy. 2. a state… …   Universalium

  • tick paralysis — n a progressive spinal paralysis that moves upward toward the brain in humans or lower animals and that is caused by a neurotoxin secreted by some ticks (as Dermacentor andersoni) and injected into the host during feeding * * * a progressive,… …   Medical dictionary

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