Lazy Dog (bomb)

Lazy Dog "bombs" (sometimes called "Red Dot Bombs" or "Yellow Dog Bombs") projectiles were small, unguided kinetic missiles, each measuring 1.75 inches in length, 0.5 inches in diameter, and weighing 207 grains, or about 0.03 pounds or 0.7 oz.

Lazy dog bombs were designed to be dispersed over the battlefield with Mark 44 cluster adapters. Lazy dog bombs were technically not bombs because they used no explosive, but were in many ways equally destructive. Mark 44 cluster adapters were one of many possible means to deliver "Lazy Dog" projectiles.

Lazy dog bombs were descended from projectiles of almost identical design and appearance that were originally developed early in World War II as early as 1941. The Korean War-era and Vietnam War-era "Lazy Dog" was further developed, tested and deployed into the 1950s and 1960s.

Originally an Armament Laboratory program code named LAZY DOG, the program to develop this weapons system involved Delco Products Corporation, F&F Mold and Die Works, Inc., Haines Designed Products, and Master Vibrator Company of Dayton. The project objective was to design and test free-fall missiles and their dispensing units for use in bombers and fighters. LAZY DOG anti-personnel missiles were designed to spray enemy troops with small projectiles with three times the force of standard air-burst bombs. The Armament Laboratory in conjunction with the Flight Test Laboratory conducted wind tunnel tests of a number of bomb shapes, which design studies indicated to be the most efficient for stowage and release from high performance aircraft.

Experimental LAZY DOG projectiles of various shapes and sizes were tested at Air Proving Ground, Eglin AFB, Florida, in late 1951 and early 1952. An F-84, flying at 400 knots and 75 feet above the ground, served as the test bed while a jeep and a B-24 were the targets. The result was eight hits per square yard. Tests revealed Shapes 2 and 5 to be the most effective. Shape 5, an improved basic LAZY DOG slug, had the force of a .50 caliber bullet and could penetrate 24 inches of packed sand. Shape 2 could penetrate 12 inches of sand, as opposed to the six-inch penetration of a .45 caliber slug fired point blank.

The Shape 2 projectile was sent to FEAF for combat use by mid-1952. FEAF immediately ordered 16,000 of the 500-pound bombs. Lieutenant Colonel Haile with the Armament Laboratory spent 90 days in Japan to set up local manufacture of the bombs and to train crewmembers in their use. Project LAZY DOG continued throughout 1952 to determine the optimum characteristics for stable dispersion containers and the feasibility of substituting a LAZY DOG warhead for the explosive nose of the Matador. The LAZY DOG program was still ongoing in the late 1950s.

The rationale for using lazy dogs in the Vietnam War was because they were highly effective against enemy troops hiding in the jungle below, even when those troops could not be seen. They were also cheap, and easy to scatter over large areas. Like many other weapons, however, their effects were often gruesome and indiscriminate. "Lazy Dog" projectiles were also referred to by other names such as "buzz bombs" or "lawn darts" because of their shape.

Lazy Dog projectiles were dropped in very large numbers, and usable with almost any kind of flying vehicle. They could be hurled from buckets, dropped by hand, thrown in their small shipping bags made of paper, or placed in a Mark 44 cluster adapter -- a simple hinged casing with bins built in to hold the projectiles, opened by a mechanical time delay fuse as shown. The adapters themselves were 69.9 inches long and 14.18 inches in diameter. They would be shipped empty, then filled by hand. Depending on how many projectiles could be packed in, loaded weight varied between 560 and 625 pounds, with the theoretical maximum number of projectiles listed as an astonishing "17,500".

Regardless of how they were released into the air, each "Lazy Dog" projectile would develop an incredible amount of kinetic energy as it fell, penetrating nearly any material upon hitting the ground. Some reports say that their speeds often exceeded 500 mph before impact.

One period military manual with information on this weapon system, dated 04/27/69, had the awkward name "Resume of Technical Data on Conventional Munitions used in Special Air Warfare Activities."

A variant version of the "Lazy Dog" projectile was developed for the recoilless rifle. However, development was suspended because another kind of flechette solution was used for the recoilless rifle instead.

According to some unconfirmed reports, "Lazy Dog" projectiles were eventually banned for a combination of political and humanitarian reasons. It is also said that those who wish to ban other indiscriminate weapons, such as cluster bombs and land mines, point to the banning of "Lazy Dog" projectiles as precedent and a step forward for their cause. The details to confirm this are scarce.

Because lazy dog bombs were largely an experimental weapon and not as widely deployed as other commonly surplussed systems, all versions of lazy dog bombs are highly sought after by military collectors. In the 1970's and 1980's, lazy dog bombs could routinely be found for sale at gun shows, but now they are rarely if ever seen for sale at shows because the supply has been almost completely exhausted. Especially collectible are the earlier forged steel Parkerized finish designs. The later lathe-turned steel lazy dog bombs, including unissued specimens and rusted field picked-up examples, can usually be found on popular auction sites and vertical-market gun auction sites for prices ranging from a few dollars for one to $15.00 USD for a set of 10 unissued units. The earlier forged models rarely come up on the auction sites, and generally fetch $8.00 for a single unissued unit.

References

* [http://www.ascho.wpafb.af.mil/korea/chap7.htm "DEVELOPMENT TO COMBAT: Additional Technological Developments"]

External links

* [http://www.texastradingpost.com/militaria/lazydog.html "Lazy Dog"] at Texas Trading Post
* [http://vietnamgear.com/kit.aspx?kit=512 "Lazy Dog"] at Vietnam Gear