Gavriil Belostoksky

Gavriil Belostoksky (alternatively Gavrila or Gabriel, _ru. Гавриил Белостокский) (April 2 O.S. 1684-April 20? O.S. 1690) is the child saint in the Russian Orthodox Church. The legend of his tragic death describes a ritual murder which has been described as a blood libel. His cult, revived in Belarus in 1990s, raised concerns of human rights organizations.

Legend and canonization

According to the legend promoted by the Church, the six-year-old boy was kidnapped from his home in the village Zverki, 13 versts from Zabłudów, Grodno Uezd (then Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, today's Poland) during the Jewish Passover, while his parents, pious Orthodox Christians Peter and Anastasia Gavdel (Гавдель), were away. Shutko, a Jewish arendator of Zverki, was accused in bringing the boy to Białystok, poking him with sharp objects and draining his blood for nine days, then bringing the dead body back to Zverki and dumping at a local field.ru icon [http://www.church.by/resource/Dir0262/Dir0263/Page0288.html Saint Gavriil] Belarusian Orthodox Church] ]

In 1755 his relics were transferred into Slutsky Monastery of Saint Trinity (Слуцкий Свято-Троицкий монастырь), Minsk Guberniya, attached was a placard blaming Jews in his death. His cult developed and spread throughout the Russian Empire, and the boy was canonized in 1820 . He is considered the patron saint of children.In the 1930s the relics were transferred into the Minsk museum of Atheism. In 1944, they were moved to Grodno, where they stayed until 1992, when they were moved to Białystok (Свято-Никольский собор) where they still are the object of pilgrimage.

Used to foment antisemitism

In the 1990s, a number of publications, as well as radio and TV broadcasts in Belarus revived the blood libel. Among the publications that have propagated the ritual murder charges were "Soviet Byelorussia" and the Orthodox Church's "Tsarkounae Slova" (Word of Church), which in 1992 advised its readers to "be aware of cruel cults, where human sacrifices are being practiced" and identified Jewish Hasidism as such a cult. [ [http://www.fsumonitor.com/stories/091697aa.shtml "Blood Libel" Documentary Broadcast in Belarus] - The Union of Councils for Soviet Jews (UCSJ) Action Alert - campaign against antisemitic programming on state TV. September 16, 1997]

On July 27, 1997, on All Saints Day, the Belarusian state TV showed a film alleging the story is true. [ru icon [http://www.vestnik.com/issues/97/0902/win/stonov.htm Is the New in the Post-Soviet Space Only the Forgotten Old?] by Leonid Stonov, International Director of Bureau for the Human Rights and Law-Observance in the Former Soviet Union, the President of the American Association of Jews from the former USSR ("Vestnik" magazine)]

According to a report by First deputy of Euro-Asiatic Jewish Congress Dr. Yakov Basin published by the Union of Councils for Soviet Jews (UCSJ) in 1997,

Contemporary accounts, which claim that Jews murdered a boy in a ritual manner in order to use his blood, are resurrecting the medieval canard that Jews use the blood of Christian babies for their ritual purposes during pre-Passover days. On April 11, 1690, a few days before the beginning of Passover, 6 year-old Gavril Belostoksky allegedly was found murdered and drained of his blood in his village of Zverki, which was at the time a Belarusian town, but is now in Polish territory. Soon thereafter, the accusation that he had been murdered by Jews who needed his blood to bake matzoth was spread throughout Belarus. The libel was bolstered in 1844 in Vladimir Dal's book, "Investigation of the Murder of Christian Babies by Jews and the Use of Their Blood." The Russian Orthodox Church canonized Gavril in the 20th century as the patron saint of sick children; he is commemorated in the beginning of each May. Needless to say, no evidence has ever been presented to support this defamation of the Jewish people. [ [http://www.fsumonitor.com/stories/belupd.shtml July 1997. Blood Libel Accusation Revived] Belarus Report, Dr. Yakov Basin, August 10, 1997. UCSJ Position Paper. Belarus - Chronicle of Antisemitism. April-December, 1997.]

The revival of the cult in Belarus was cited as a dangerous expression of antisemitism in international reports on human rights and religious freedoms [ [http://www.4humanrights.org/by/eng/reports/relig2003.shtml Belarus. International Religious Freedom Report 2003] Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor] [ [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2004/37195.htm Belarus. International Religious Freedom Report 2004] Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor] [ [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51542.htm Belarus. International Religious Freedom Report 2005] Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor] [ [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71370.htm Belarus. International Religious Freedom Report 2006] Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor] [ [http://www.foreignaffairs.house.gov/archives/108/91075d.pdf Annual Report on International Religious Freedom 2004] ] and were passed to the UNHCR. [ [http://www.unhcr.org/home/RSDCOI/450fb0b128.html UNHCR - U.S. Department of State Annual Report on International Religious Freedom for 2006 - Belarus ] ] [ [http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rsd/rsddocview.html?tbl=RSDCOI&id=450fb0b128&count=1 UNHCR - Refworld Redirect ] ]

References

ee also

*Blood libel against Jews
*History of antisemitism
*Timeline of antisemitism

External links

*ru icon [http://www.jewish-heritage.org/jr2a21r.htm National-Patriotic Tendencies in the Belarusian Media] by Vyacheslav Feigin, Yakov Basin. The "Judaica Rossica" series, #2.
*ru icon [http://www.vestnik.com/issues/98/0804/win/melts.htm Is Judeophobia Ever Going to End in Belarus?] by David Meltser (Vestnik magazine)
*ru icon [http://www.eajc.org/program_art_r.php?id=80 Antisemitism in Belarus (2005)] by Yakov Basin