Adam Stanisław Krasiński

Adam Stanisław Krasiński

:"This in an article about the 18th century bishop. For the 19th century bishop, see Adam Stanisław Krasiński (1810-1891)."Adam Stanisław Krasiński (1714-1800) was a Polish noble of Ślepowron coat of arms, bishop of Kamieniec (1757-1798), Great Crown Secretary (from 1752), president of the Crown Tribunal in 1759 and one of the leaders of Bar Confederation (1768-1772).

Biography

He was born on 4 April 1714, as son of Jan Krasiński and Elżbieta Teresa Sołtyk, brother of Michał Hieronim Krasiński. In his early years he was a supporter of king Stanisław Leszczyński during the War of the Polish Succession which begun in 1733. A year later he joined the Dzików Confederation and acted as its diplomatic emissary to Paris. He attended universities in Paris, and later, in 1737, in Rome. In 1747 he matriculated from the Jagiellonian University. With support of Andrzej Stanisław Załuski he became canon of Płock and joined the chancellery of king Augustus III of Poland. In 1751 he was Płock's delegate to the Crown Tribunal. Next year, in 1752, with support of Jerzy August Mniszech he became the Great Crown Secretary. In 1753 he became the canon of Gniezno. In 1757 he became the prelate scholasticus of Gniezno and received the Order of the White Eagle. In 1758 he was the president of the Crown Tribunal and became the bishop of Kamieniec (now Kamianets-Podilskyi).

Opponent of Familia's reforms in 1763; supporter of the hetman's faction and House of Wettin. In 1764 his actions interrupted the sejmik in Grudziądz. Political opponent of Familia's King Stanisław August Poniatowski. Joined the Radom Confederation in 1767 and for a short time supported Gabriel Podoski and Nicholas Repnin's plans against Poniatowski.

From 1768 to 1772 one of the leaders of the Bar Confederation, considered by some to be the first Polish uprising [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1425918387&id=3C8JR8Gv3AkC&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=Bar+confederation+uprising&sig=KjRrR8Z4mEGbDY6YF-AgRlGvjXA] . It was formed by Polish nobility who opposed Russian intervention into Polish internal politics; Krasiński also criticized the Holy See for its silence on the matter of arrest of several Polish nobles during that time, including two bishops (Kajetan Ignaty Sołtyk and Józef Andrzej Załuski, by the Russians. In the Bar Confederation he became their most important diplomat, responsible for many negotiations and their relations with foreign powers. In October 1768 he went to Paris where he was received by Louis XV of France who promised support for the confederates. In 1769 he advocated the assassination of King Poniatowski, later that year he became the head of the confederate's government in Biała. In 1770 he went to Dresden to gain support from the Holy Roman Empire; later that year he met Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor and received an offer of help from him. Also he did not support the declaration that King Poniatowski is not the legitimate king of Poland, he nonetheless supported Frederick Augustus I of Saxony as a counter-candidate. He was likely one of the supporters or even the ring-leader of the plan to kidnap Poniatowski, eventually carried by Kazimierz Pułaski in 1771. That plan nonetheless backfired, as Poniatowski not only escaped but this action caused much controversy in Europe and resulted in loss of much international support for the confederates. Eventually in 1772 he begun negotiations with the King about surrender of the confederates; later that year he himself was kidnapped by the Cossacks and temporarily imprisoned in Warsaw. He was nonetheless set free after he pledged loyalty to the king and regained his posts in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

After 1772, he distanced himself from political life until the reforms of the late 1780s. In 1780, 1782, 1784 and 1786 he was the president of the Sejm court. In 1787 ordered the reconstruction of fortress in Kamieniec. During the Great Sejm, he was one of the most active supporter of the Constitution of May 3, 1791, publishing projects and papers supporting it, and eventually taking part in the semi-coup that resulted in its declaration. Notably, he commented on behaviour of one of the constitution opponents, Jan Sucharzewski (who threatened to kill himself and his young son to 'spare them the fate of living under this restrictive law') saying 'shave his head and send him to the asylum'. Vocal opponent of Targowica Confederation, which after its victory punished him by abolishing his diocese. Supporter of Kościuszko Uprising; he collected funds for the uprising. After its defeat, he left political life again, eventually moving to the Prussian partition. He died in October 1800 in Krasne.

He was also known for his support of religious tolerance.

He has been a controversial figure for historians: unwielding supporter of Golden Liberty in the age where it was impossible to uphold this principle; supporter of the conservative and treacherous hetman's faction in the early 1760s, two decades later, leader of the Bar Confederation - seen the first of Poland's national uprisings - and finally one of the supporters of the May's Constitution.

References

*Polish|Adam Stanisław Krasiński|1 April 2007
*pl icon [http://www.krasne.pl/135-44a5220692af0.htm Short biography]
*pl icon [http://encyklopedia.interia.pl/haslo?hid=80471 Short entry at Interia Encyklopedia]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Krasiński — (often spelled Krasinski in English, or sometimes Krasinsky, if originally transliterated from Russian, Ukrainian or Byelorussian) is a surname of Polish, or generally Slavic, origin. Note that, in its feminine version, the Polish surname becomes …   Wikipedia

  • Adam Mickiewicz — Born Adam Bernard Mickiewicz, December 24, 1798(1798 12 24), Zaosie, Russian Empire Died …   Wikipedia

  • Michał Hieronim Krasiński — (b. 1712, d. May 25, 1784) was a Polish noble, cześnik of Stężyca, podkomorzy of Różan, starost of Opiniogóra, deputy to many Sejms, one of the leaders of Bar Confederation (1768–1772). He was a captain in August III army. He was a member of… …   Wikipedia

  • Adam Mickiewicz — Activités poète Naissance 24  …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Adam Hanuszkiewicz — (2007) Adam Hanuszkiewicz (* 16. Juni 1924 in Lemberg, Polen, heute Ukraine) ist ein polnischer Theaterregisseur. Inhaltsverzeichnis …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Krasiński-Palais (Ursynów) — Einfahrt zum Gelände, heute Campus der hier ansässigen Universität …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Krasiński, Zygmunt — ▪ Polish poet and dramatist in full  Napoleon Stanisław Adam Ludwik Zygmunt Krasiński   born February 19, 1812, Paris, France died February 23, 1859, Paris  Polish Romantic poet and dramatist whose works dealt prophetically with the class… …   Universalium

  • Zygmunt Krasiński — Photo by Karol Beyer. Spouse(s) Eliza Branicka Issue with Eliza Branicka: Władysław Krasiński Zygmunt Jerzy Krasinski …   Wikipedia

  • Zygmunt Krasiński — Napoleon Stanisław Adam Feliks Zygmunt Krasiński (París, Francia, 19 de febrero de 1812 – París, 23 de febrero de 1859), fue un conde polaco, tradicionalmente clasificado junto con Mickiewicz y Juliusz Słowacki como uno de los tres Bardos… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Красинский Адам Станислав — (Adam Stanislaw Krasinski, род. 1810 г.) епископ виленский, проповедник, филолог и поэт; был профессором римско католической академии в СПб., с 1858 1864 г. епископом, после чего жил во внутренней России. Главные труды его: Sztuka rymotw órcza… …   Энциклопедический словарь Ф.А. Брокгауза и И.А. Ефрона

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”