Nakai Chikuzan

Nakai, Chikuzan (Japanese:中井竹山) (1730-1804) was the son of Nakai Shuan (1758 d.), one of the Kaitokudo's two founders. He became the administrative head of the Kaitokudo in 1797 during the Tokugawa era in Japan. An extrovert known for his bureaucratic skills and his firm precise Kanji, Chikuzan was vastly different from his brother Nakai Rikuzan. They both focused on the epistemological study of virtue in the Merchant class of Tokugawa Japan under the influence of one of the school's leaders, Goi Ranju. Together, through their scholarly works they would bring a level of prestige to the Kaitokudo with their study of virtue. Ultimately they wanted to reconcile Merchants and contemporary views of Merchants in Tokugawa society.

Life and Philosophy

The First son of Nakai Shuan, one of the two main founders of the Kaitokudo, he was just as adept in the external bureaucratic maneuvering of administration as his father. He attended the Kaitokudo from a young age where his interests in the epistemological study of virtue was cultivated by the scholar Goi Ranju. Both felt that education should be their primary concern rather than working on the side to supplement their income, something symptomatic of many Jusha who preferred to operate pharmacies on the side. This earned them scorn from many of the Osaka merchants who contributed to the school's cost of operation. Both he and his brother Rikan took care of the elderly Goi in his later years, something for which both are remembered. While he was of superior intellectual capabilities compared to the successor his father supported in the academy, Miyake Shunro, his father subtly made a position of leadership for his son. Shuan left a fund of twenty kan to insure against emergencies to be managed by Chikuzan. In this way Shunro would be responsible for formal activities and Chikuzan would be in charge of financial activities "to assure the immortality of the academy-Eitai sozuku no yo." (151-52). Chikuzan whole-heartedly denounced Ogyū Sorai and contended that all people have potential, even commoners could become scholars, while he also denounced religion and superstition.

Works

• Hi-Cho - an emotional work written to denounce Ogyū Sorai and his historicism. Said that Sorai simplified things too much and mistranslated the ancient works Mencius, Analects, etc. Was accused of attacking the person Sorai rather than the person's arguments in this work.
• Isshi 1797 - a laudatory history that underwent many drafts during the Tokugawa Bakufu. This body of work upset his brother due to the work's apologetic bias. This bias also earned him the respect and affection of the Bakufu. A work that reflects his own form of realpolitik. This was a way for him to gain assurities from the Bakufu to continue running the Kaitokudo but corrupted his academic integrity.
• Sobo kigen

Legacy

References

Najita, Tetsuo. Visions of Virtue in Tokugawa Japan. The Kaitokudo, Merchant Academy of Osaka. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987

Persondata
Name	Chikuzan, Nakai
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1730
Place of birth
Date of death	1804
Place of death