Prostratin

Chembox new
ImageFile=Prostratin.svg
ImageSize=
IUPACName=
OtherNames=12-Deoxyphorbol-13-acetate
Section1= Chembox Identifiers
CASNo=60857-08-1
PubChem=454217
SMILES=CC1CC2(C(C2(C)C)C3C1(C4C=C(C(=O)C4(CC(=C3)CO)O)C)O)OC(=O)C
Section2= Chembox Properties
Formula=C₂₂H₃₀O₆
MolarMass=390.47 g/mol
Appearance=
Density=
MeltingPt=
BoilingPt=
Solubility=
Section3= Chembox Hazards
MainHazards=
FlashPt=
Autoignition=

Prostratin is a protein kinase C activator found in the bark of the mamala tree of Samoa, "Homalanthus nutans"' (Euphorbiaceae). While prostratin was originally isolated and identified as a new phorbol from species of the genus "Pimelea" (Thymelaceae) in Australia, the antiviral activity of prostratin was discovered during research on the traditional knowledge of Samoan healers by ethnobotanist Paul Alan Cox and a team at the U.S. National Cancer Institute. Samoan healers use the mamala tree to treat hepatitis. Research indicated that prostratin has potential to be useful in the treatment of HIV as it flushes viral reservoirs in latently infected CD4+ T-cells.

Overview

Prostratin is of interest because of its unique ability to activate latent viral reservoirs, while preventing healthy cells from infection, as well as its discovery through ethnobotany. Pioneering agreements to protect indigenous intellectual property rights of the Samoan people were established between the Samoan government and the AIDS ReSearch Alliance, with 20% of ARA's profits to be returned to the Samoan people, and between the Samoan Government and the University of California, Berkeley where a team led by Jay Keasling is trying to isolate the gene sequence responsible for prostratin biosynthesis. Samoa and UC Berkeley agreed to share equally in any commercial proceeds from the gene product.

Recently, a team at Stanford University led by chemist Paul Wender has published an elegant four-step chemical synthesis of prostratin. This practical synthesis produces gram quantities of prostratin, and is a major step forward in pharmaceutical development of prostratin. Phase I human clinical trials of prostratin will be carried out by the AIDS ReSearch Alliance in West Hollywood, California.

External links

* [http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2008/may7/samoahiv-050708.html Paul Wender and Stanford Prostratin synthesis]
* [http://cci.lbl.gov/pbd/synthbio/samoa.htm Jay Keasling and Prostratin Genes]
* [http://www.time.com/time/reports/heroes/plant.html Ethnobotanist Paul Cox]
* [http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=13605970 Prostratin Agreements with Samoa]
* [http://www.niaid.nih.gov/daids/dtpdb/004414.htm NAIAD chemical database]
* [http://www.uspolicy.be/Article.asp?ID=42BFB6BC-1E57-484B-9D0D-826324CF7AC7 U.S. University Shares Drug Royalties with Samoa for Tree Gene]
* [http://www.news-medical.net/print_article.asp?id=5196 Berkeley searches for AIDS cure in a Samoan indigenous tree]
* [http://www.ethnomedicine.org Institute for Ethnomedicine]
* [http://www.aidsresearch.org/scientific_research/ARA_Prostratin_nwsltr.pdf Prostratin and the AIDS Research Alliance]