Thomas Nkobi

Thomas Titus Nkobi (born 22 October 1922 in Southern Matabeleland, died 25 September 1994 in Johannesburg / South Africa) was a senior leader of the South African African National Congress (ANC) and a key figure in the Anti-Apartheid movement. Until his death he was the Treasurer General of the ANC and also its Member of Parliament.

Life

Thomas Titus Nkobi ("Comrade T.G.") was born on 22 October 1922 in Southern Matabeleland (now Zimbabwe). He grew up and was educated in South Africa, where his father was working in the mines as a migrant laborer. He was at Adams College of Education in KwaZulu Natal with Joshua Nkomo, the Zimbabwean Vice President and Bernard Chidzero, the Zimbabwean Minister of Finance and Dr. Ntsu Mokhehle, the Prime Minister of Lesotho. After completing High School in Natal he matriculated from Bantu High School (later Madibane High School) in Western Township, Johannesburg in 1946 and went to Roma College (now National University of Lesotho) in Lesotho, pursuing a Bachelor of Commerce degree.

His initial political involvement against the Apartheid regime started in 1944 during the Alexandra bus boycott, a non—violent protest campaign. In 1950 he formally joined the ANC and played a leading role in the 1952 ANC Defiance Campaign against Unjust Laws. He was one of the main volunteers who traveled from village to village collecting demands of the African population that were incorporated into the ANC Freedom Charter; he attended the 1955 Congress of the People in Kliptown that drew up the Freedom Charter as a delegate from Alexandra.

In 1957 Thomas Nkobi shot to prominence when he chaired the Second Alexandra Peoples Transport Committee which was co—ordinating a bus boycott in the Johannesburg and Pretoria townships following a 25 per cent increase in bus fares. In the same year he was arrested for participating in the nation—wide Potato Boycott, following The Farm Labour Scandal, a journalistic investigation by Ruth First and Joe Gqabi, which uncovered that Africans arrested for infringement of the pass laws were coerced into enforced labor on potato farms. In 1958 Thomas Nkobi became the National Organizer of the ANC and was charged with the task of implementing the M—Plan, an action plan, named after Nelson Mandela, to decentralize the ANCs organizational branches and communication channels in order to avoid public meetings and announcements and increase effectiveness of their political and social campaign. During the 1960 State of Emergency, he was amongst the thousands of political activists who were detained. After his release he continued working for the ANC as National Organizer and was also prominent in the underground. He was banned in 1961, and in 1962 placed under a 24 hour house arrest. In 1963 Thomas Nkobi fled South Africa for exile in Dar es Salaam / Tanzania and later Lusaka / Zambia, where he became actively involved in mobilizing international public opinion against the Apartheid regime.

From 1968 to 1973 he served as deputy to then Treasurer General of the ANC, Moses Kotane. He was elected Treasurer General of the ANC in 1973, a post to which he was re—elected at all subsequent national conferences of the organization.

After the ANC was in legalized in 1990 he returned to South Africa. There he oversaw the ANCs budget for South Africa's first democratic election, which brought the ANC to power. Thomas Nkobi was re-elected as Treasurer General in party elections in 1991 and also elected as Member of Parliament, member of the ANC National Executive Committee (NEC) and member of the ANC's National Working Committee (NWC); one of several elders with moderate views who retained leadership positions.

He died on 25 September 1994, in Johannesburg after suffering a fatal stroke. He is buried at Heroes' Acre in Soweto, a section of Soweto's Avalon Cemetery reserved as final resting place for many Anti-Apartheid activists.

In 2004, Thomas Nkobi posthumously received the Order of Luthuli in Gold for his "exceptional and selfless contribution to the struggle for a non-racial, non-sexist, free and democratic South Africa".

Literature

*cite book
author=Ellis, Stephen and Sechaba, Tsepo
title= Comrades Against Apartheid: the ANC and the South African Communist Party in exile
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=P2cXAsUS4I4C&printsec=frontcover
publisher=James Currey Publishers
location=
language= English
year=1992
pages=p.48, 61, 128, 150, 166, 177, 196
id=ISBN 0852553528
*cite book
author=Eriksen, Tore Linné
title= Norway and National Liberation in Southern Africa
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Q_y7fnOE2hAC&printsec=frontcover
publisher=Nordic Africa Institute
location=
language= English
year=1999
pages=p. 133, 144pp, 151, 153
id=ISBN 9171064478
*cite book
author=Maharaj, Zarina
title= Dancing to a Different Rhythm
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=H5SN2kD0I1UC&printsec=frontcover
publisher=New Holland Publishers
location=
language= English
year=2006
pages=15,136,146
id=ISBN 1770071083
*cite book
author=Sellstreom, Tor
title=Sweden and National Liberation in Southern Africa
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=B-brtUSN41AC&printsec=frontcover
publisher=Nordic Africa Institute
location=
language=English
year=2002
pages=p. 254
id=ISBN 9171064303
*cite book
author=Sellstreom, Tor
title= Liberation in Southern Africa: regional and Swedish voices
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Rhk_Z_KW7dgC&printsec=frontcover
publisher=Nordic Africa Institute
location=
language= English
year=1999
pages=p.104, 132, 137, 143, 146, 161, 164, 171, 201, 248, 252, 254pp
id=ISBN 9171065008
*cite book
author=South African Democracy Education Trust (Ed.)
title=The Road to Democracy in South Africa : Vol. 1: 1960-1970
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=FvROZAvpW-QC&printsec=frontcover
publisher=New Holland Publishers
location=
language= English
year=2004
pages=p. 59pp, 65, 67, 72, 76pp, 79, 207, 352, 446, 477, 494pp, 596, 603, 608
id=ISBN 1868729060
*cite book
author=Thomas, Scott
title=The Diplomacy of Liberation: The Foreign Relations of the African National Congress Since 1960
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=D9taPDPIahAC&printsec=frontcover
publisher=I.B.Tauris
location=
language= English
year=1996
pages=p.43, 57, 179
id=ISBN 1850439931

Films

*"Hold up the Sun: The ANC and Popular Power in the Making. - Ulibambe lingashoni". / Episode 3 Interview with Thomas Nkobi. The Documentary History of the ANC: episode 1. Roots of struggle, [1912-1948] (52 min.). Episode 2. Enter the masses, [1949-1958] (52 min.). Episode 3. Submit or fight, [1958-1969] (52 min.). Episode 4. The new generation, [1968-1983] (52 min.). Episode 5. Not the kings and generals, [1983-1990] (52 min.). (English) Publisher: Ster-Kinekor Video. Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 1993.

Links

*cite web |url=http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/pr/1994/pr0921a.html |title=STATEMENT ON THOMAS NKOBI 1994. |accessdate=2007-05-30 |publisher=ANC |language=English

*cite web |url=http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/mandela/1996/sp0802a.html |title=SPEECH BY PRESIDENT MANDELA AT THE UNVEILING OF THE TOMBSTONE OF THOMAS NKOBI 1996. |accessdate=2007-05-30 |publisher=ANC |language=English

*cite web |url=http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/misc/trc2a.html |title=ANC STRUCTURES AND PERSONNEL, 1960 - 1994. |accessdate=2007-05-30 |publisher=ANC |language=English

*cite web |url=http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/mandela/1994/sp941222.html |title=CLOSING ADDRESS BY PRESIDENT NELSON MANDELA AT THE 49TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS 1994. |accessdate=2007-05-30 |publisher=ANC |language=English

*cite web |url=http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/mandela/1995/sp950217.html |title=ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT NELSON MANDELA ON THE OCCASION OF THE OPENING OF THE SECOND SESSION OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARLIAMENT 1995. |accessdate=2007-05-30 |publisher=ANC |language=English

*cite web |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/orders_list.asp?show=211
title=The Order of Luthuli in Gold Awarded to Thomas Titus Nkobi |accessdate=2007-05-30 |publisher=The Presidency, Government of South Africa |language=English