Emmanuel Kwasi Kotoka

Infobox Military Person
name= Emmanuel Kwasi Kotoka
lived=October 26 1926 – April 17 1967


caption=
nickname=
placeofbirth=Alakple, Ghana
placeofdeath=Accra, Ghana
allegiance=Ghana
branch=Ghana Army
rank=Lieutenant General
unit=
commands=Chief of Defence Staff
battles=
awards=Ghana Service Order for Exceptional Bravery
relations=
laterwork=Member of NLC
Minister for Health

Lieutenant General Emmanuel Kwasi Kotoka (October 26 1926 – April 17 1967) was a member of the ruling National Liberation Council which came to power in Ghana in a military coup d'état on February 24, 1966. This overthrew the government of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of the republic.

Early life

Emmanuel Kotoka was born at Alakple,cite web |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/pop-up.php?ID=120 |title=Lt-Gen Emmanuel Kwasi Kotoka |accessdate=2007-03-19 |date= |year= |month= |work=Famous Ghanaians: Heads of State |publisher=Ghana Home Page ] a village in the Keta district of the Volta Region of Ghana. He completed his basic education at the Alakple Roman Catholic School and later the Anloga Senior School in 1941. He started training as a goldsmith but switched to a career in the military.

Military career

In July 1947, he enlisted as a private in the Infantry School of the Gold Coast Regiment at Teshie in Accra. He rose through the ranks, becoming a sergeant in 1948 and later Company Sergent Major in 1951. In 1952, he was among some west African soldiers selected for training at Eaton Hall Officer Cadet School in the United Kingdom. In 1954, he was commissioned as a lieutenantcite web |url=http://home.comcast.net/~amaah/writings/ghana-without-nkrumah-men-in-charge.html |title=Ghana Without Nkrumah - The Men In Charge |accessdate=2007-03-19 |author=Jon Kraus |year=1966 |month=April |work= Africa Report |publisher= ] and seconded to the British army on the Rhine.

On his return to the Gold Coast (as Ghana was then called), he was made a Platoon Commander of the Second Gold Coast Regiment of Infantry. He rose to become the Second-in-Command and in 1959 became the Platoon Commander with the rank of Captain. He was promoted to the rank of Major later that year. In 1960, he attended the Company Commander's course at the School of Infantry in Westminster, England. In 1960, he was the commander of D company of the detachment of the Second Battalion of the Ghana army which made up Ghana's contingent in the United Nations Operation in the Congo deployed in the capital, Leopoldville, now Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo. [cite web |url=http://www.black-history-month.co.uk/articles/nkrumah.html |title=Kwame Nkrumah's contribution to the decolonisation process in Africa |accessdate=2007-03-19 |author=Leslie |date=2004-09-16 |work=Black History Month |publisher=Wellplaced Consultancy ] He was regarded as a national hero following this deployment. He was awarded the Ghana Service Order for Exceptional Bravery for Distinguished Service in the Congo in 1963. He later became the Commander of the Second Infantry Brigade (now the Northern Command) of the Ghana Army) based at Kumasi.

Politics

In 1965, the then Lieutenant-Colonel Kotoka was transferred to Kumasi where he met and became friends with then Major Akwasi Amankwa Afrifa, an officer in the Second Brigade of the Ghana army. The two are generally credited with being among the key conspirators behind the first bloody coup d'état in Ghana on February 24, 1966 which brought an end to the first republic. They codenamed it "Operation Cold Chop". [cite web |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/NRC/Vol%204%20Chpt%201%20com.sec.rep.pdf |title=The Security Services |accessdate=2007-06-11 |work=National Reconciliation Commission Report Volume 4 Chapter 1|format=pdf |pages=page24 |date=October 2004 |publisher=Ghana government] It was Kotoka who announced the coup to the nation early that morning from the Broadcasting House of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation, the official radio station in Ghana. The Central Intelligence Agency appears to have been aware about the plotting of the coup at least a year ahead. [cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxiv/y.html |title=253. Memorandum From Robert W. Komer of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy)/1/ |accessdate=2007-03-19 |year=1999 |work=FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES 1964-1968, Volume XXIV Africa |publisher=Department of State, USA |quote="The plotters are keeping us briefed," .... "and the State Department thinks we're more on the inside than the British. While we're not directly involved (I'm told), we and other Western countries (including France) have been helping to set up the situation by ignoring Nkrumah's pleas for economic aid. All in all, it looks good."] [cite web |url=http://www.seeingblack.com/x060702/nkrumah.shtml |title=Documents Expose U.S. Role in Nkrumah Overthrow |accessdate=2007-03-19 |author=Paul Lee |date=2002-06-07 |publisher=SeeingBlack.com] Kotoka was promoted Major General and became a member of the ruling National Liberation Council and also the Commissioner for Ministry of Health as well as General Officer Commanding the Ghana Armed Forces.

Death

On April 17 1967, there was an abortive coup attempt involving junior officers of the reconnaissance regiment based at Ho in the Volta Region. It was code named "Guitar-boy". It led to the killing of Kotoka by Lt. Moses Yeboah after heavy fighting. Lt. Moses Yeboah and another colleague were later tried and executed by a military tribunal. [cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+gh0147) |title=The National Liberation Council, 1966-69 |accessdate=2007-03-25 |work=Library of Congress Country Studies - Ghana: The Military and the Government |publisher=Library of Congress] The Ghana International Airport was renamed Kotoka International Airport in his memory. He was killed at a spot which is now part of the forecourt of the airport and his statue stands at that point.

Notes

External links

* [http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/pop-up.php?ID=120 Profile on Ghana Home Page]
* [http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/photo.day.php?ID=52409 Ghana Home Page - Photo Report-Nkrumah's Overthrow!]

Further reading

*cite book |last=Barker |first=Peter |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Operation Cold Chop: the Coup That Toppled Nkrumah |year=1969 |publisher=Ghana Publishing Corporation |location=Ghana |isbn= 0876760655
*Hansen, Emmanuel. 1968. Ghana: Background to Revolution. Transition, No. 35. (Feb. - Mar., 1968), pp. 24-28.

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