Ashburnham Place

Ashburnham Place is an English country house, five miles west of Battle in East Sussex. It was one of the finest houses in the southeast of England in its heyday, but much of the structure was demolished in 1959, [Colvin 1995: "s.v." "George Dance".] and only a drastically reduced part of the building now remains standing. The remaining buildings are used as a Christian conference and prayer centre.

The village of Ashburnham was the home of the Ashburnham family from the 1100s. The family became wealthy through their land holdings in Sussex and around Pembrey in Carmarthenshire, and later from their participation in the Wealden iron industry. Only the cellars remain from the earliest known house on the site, dating from the fifteenth century. This house was abandoned in the sixteenth century and confiscated by Queen Elizabeth I. The Ashburnham family recovered their estate under Charles I, and John Ashburnham was a loyal servant of the King. He was forced to sell the estate to the Relf family in the English Commonwealth, to pay fines levied for supporting the King.

John Ashburnham recovered the estate again after the English Restoration. His grandson and namesake, John Ashburnham, was created first Baron Ashburnham in 1689. The house was largely rebuilt to designs of the neo-Palladian architect Stephen Wright [Colvin 1995: "s.v." "Stephen Wright".] and the local direction of the builder John Morris of Lewes, ca 1757-61. [Colvin 1995: "s.v." "John Morris".] The park, covering some convert|200|acre|km2 and including three large lakes around the house, was laid out by Capability Brown in the mid-eighteenth century. Brown's orangery, c. 1767, houses the oldest camellia in England. Brick external additions were made to the house in Gothic Revival style in 1813-17, [Colvin 1995: "s.v." "George Dance"] by a third John Ashburnham, the second earl of Ashburnham, to designs by George Dance the Younger. Robert Adam designed entrance lodges for the second Earl in 1785. [Colvin 1995: "s.v." "Robert Adam".] George Ashburnham, 3rd Earl of Ashburnham, commissioned architectural drawings from John Soane, but it is not known if the suggested additions, including a porte-cochere, were built. The house was refaced in stone in the early nineteenth century, and then, when fashions changed, a second, red brick outer skin was added in 1853. [Dorothy Stroud, "George Dance, Architect 1745-1825" (London) 1971; Colvin 1995: "s.v." "George Dance".]

Internally, the house had a mix of styles, with a fine staircase by Charles Dance rising three floors in the central entrance hall. The drawing room was decorated with painted wall panels attributed to Athenian Stuart. The house held the family's fine collection of paintings and the extensive library, collected by the 3rd Earl and his son, Bertram Ashburnham, 4th Earl of Ashburnham. [The archives were summarized by F.W. Steer, "The Ashburnham Archives" (Lewes, Sussex) 1958 (noted in Colvin 1995 "s.v." "Lewis Vulliamy").]

By the late nineteenth century, the family was under financial pressure, and offered to sell the library, including its collection of illuminated manuscripts, to the nation in the 1890s for £160,000. The deal did not go ahead, and the books were sold piecemeal for a total of £228,000 over the next few years. [Peter H. Reid, "The Decline and Fall of the British Country House Library" "Libraries & Culture" 36.2, Spring 2001, pp. 345-366.] Many were acquired by the British Library, but, for example, the sixth-to-seventh-century Ashburnham Pentateuch is in the Bibliothèque National, Paris. The Earldom became extinct on the death of Thomas Ashburnham, 6th Earl of Ashburnham, in 1924, and the house was inherited by his niece, Lady Catherine Ashburnham. The house was damaged when a fully loaded Marauder bomber crashed nearby during the Second World War, and dry rot set in.

Lady Catherine was the last of the Ashburnham family, and the estate was inherited by Rev. John Bickersteth on her death in 1953. In addition to the prospect of huge repair bills, he was also saddled with crippling death duties of £427,000. The contents of the house were sold at auction at Sotheby's in June and July 1953, and half of the estate was sold in the next few years. The house was mostly demolished in 1959, reducing the central section to two floors and the wings to a single story.

Meanwhile, Bickersteth established a prayer centre in the stable block. He gave the remaining parts of the house, and convert|220|acre|km2 of parkland, to the Ashburnham Christian Trust in April 1960. It is now operated as a Christian conference and prayer centre.

Ashburnham House, London was for a time the holding place of the Cotton library; the manuscript of "Beowulf" was damaged at a fire there, reported in "The Gentleman's Magazine", October 1731. [ [http://www.beowulftranslations.net/fire.shtml "Beowulf: Ashburnham House Fire"] ]

Notes

References

* [http://www.ashburnham.org.uk/ Ashburnham Christian Trust]
* [http://www.ashburnham-past.co.uk/4520.html Ashburnham past]
* [http://www.lostheritage.org.uk/houses/lh_sussex_ashburnhamplace.html Lost Heritage | Ashburnham Place - history and photographs]
*Colvin, Howard, "A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600-1840", 3rd ed. (Yale University Press) 1995.

External links

* [http://www.lostheritage.org.uk/houses/lh_sussex_ashburnhamplace.html Images]
* [http://www.ashburnham-past.co.uk/4604.html Images]
* [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/A2A/records.aspx?cat=179-ash4501&cid=-1&Gsm=2008-06-18 Ashburnham family archive]