INMOS

INMOS Ltd. was a British semiconductor company, founded by Iann Barron, based in Bristol and incorporated in November 1978.

Products

INMOS's first products were static RAM devices, followed by dynamic RAMs and EEPROMs. Despite early production difficulties, INMOS eventually captured around 60% of the world SRAM market. However, Barron's long-term aim was to produce an innovative microprocessor architecture intended for parallel processing, the "transputer". David May and Robert Milne were recruited to design this processor, which eventually went into production in 1985 in the form of the T212 and T414 chips.

The transputer achieved some success as the basis for several parallel supercomputers from companies such as Meiko (formed by ex-INMOS employees in 1985), Floating Point Systems, Parsytec and Parsys. Being a relatively self-contained design, it was also used in some embedded systems. However, the unconventional nature of the transputer and its native occam programming language limited its appeal. During the late 1980s, the transputer (even in its later T800 form) also struggled to keep up with the ever-increasing performance of its competitors.

Other devices produced by INMOS included the A100, A110 and A121 digital signal processors, G364 framebuffer, and a line of video RAMDACs, including the G171, which was adopted by IBM for the original VGA graphics adapter used in the IBM PS/2.

Business history

The company was founded by Iann Barron, a British computer consultant, Richard Petritz and Paul Schroeder, both American semiconductor industry veterans. Initial funding of £50M was provided by the UK government via the National Enterprise Board. A US subsidiary, INMOS Corporation, was also established in Colorado. Semiconductor fabrication facilities were built in Colorado Springs, Colorado and Newport, Wales.

Under the privatization policy of Margaret Thatcher the National Enterprise Board was merged into the British Technology Group and had to sell its shares in INMOS. Offers for INMOS from AT&T and a Dutch consortium had been turned down. In July 1984 Thorn EMI made a bid for £124.1 million for the state's 76 percent interest in the company (the remaining 24% had been held by Inmos founders and employees). [ [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40916FC3B5D0C708DDDAE0894DC484D81 Thorn-EMI Will Buy A 76% Stake in Inmos] , "The New York Times," July 13, 1984.] Later it was raised to £192 million, approved August 1984 and finalized in September.Wayne Sandholtz (1992) "High-Tech Europe: The Politics of International Cooperation." Berkeley: "University of California Press [http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=ft609nb394&chunk.id=d0e10466 p. 155] ]

In total, INMOS had received £211 million from the government, but did not become profitable. [Kevin Smith, "Inmos Forced to Get off the Dole." "Electronics" 22 September 1983, 56:106, as cited by Wayne Sandholtz]

In April 1989, INMOS was sold to SGS-Thomson (now STMicroelectronics). Around the same time, work was started on an enhanced transputer, the T9000. Unfortunately, this encountered various technical problems and delays, and was eventually abandoned, signalling the end of the development of the transputer as a parallel processing platform. However, transputer derivatives such as the ST20 were later incorporated into chipsets for embedded applications such as set-top boxes.

In December 1994, INMOS was fully assimilated into STMicroelectronics, and the usage of the INMOS brand name was discontinued.

References

* Arthur Trew and Greg Wilson (eds.) (1991). "Past, Present, Parallel: A Survey of Available Parallel Computing Systems". New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-19664-1.
* Mick McClean and Tom Rowland (1986). "The Inmos Saga". Quorum Books. ISBN 978-0899301655 .

External links

* "INMOS and the transputer": [http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res32.htm#c part 1] and [http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res33.htm#c part 2] — a talk given by Iann Barron to the Computer Conservation Society of the British Computer Society in 1998
* [http://www.inmos.com/ INMOS ex-employee website]
* "The INMOS legacy" by Dick Selwood in Components in Electronics magazine [http://www.cieonline.co.uk/cie2/articlen.asp?pid=1674&id=17748]