Lazare Ponticelli

Infobox Military Person
name= Lazare Ponticelli
born= birth date|1897|12|7
died= death date|2008|3|12


caption= Lazare Ponticelli (center) between two reenactment members in old uniforms in 2006
nickname=
placeofbirth= Groppo Ducale, a civil parish in Bettola, Piacenza, Italy
placeofdeath= Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
allegiance=flagicon|France France (1914-1915)
flagicon|Italy|1861 Italy (1915-1918)
branch= French Army
Italian Army
serviceyears= 1914–1918
rank=
unit=
commands=
battles= World War I
awards= Croix de Guerre Médaille Interalliée Légion d'honneur Order of Vittorio Venetocite news |first=Douglas |last=Martin |date= 2008-03-13 |title= Lazare Ponticelli, France’s Last Veteran of World War I, Is Dead at 110 |url= http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/13/world/europe/13ponticelli.html?ex=1363060800&en=912ab323b3eb73e9&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss |publisher= "The New York Times" |accessdate= 2008-03-17]
relations=
laterwork= Piping and metal work

Lazare Ponticelli (December 7, 1897ref|art5| [a] – March 12, 2008) was the last documented French veteran of the First World War and the last "poilu", or foot soldier, of its trenches. Born in Italy, he moved to France at age nine and lied about his age to join the French Army in 1914. Upon the entry of Italy into the First World War in 1915, however, Ponticelli was transferred to its army when authorities discovered his true ancestry. After World War I, he and his brothers founded the piping and metal work company "Ponticelli Frères" ("Ponticelli Brothers"), which assisted with the Second World War effort and is still in existence.

At the time of his death, Ponticelli was both the oldest living man born in Italy and the oldest man living in France. In his later years, he was critical of war in general and humbly kept his war awards in a shoe box. While he felt unworthy of the state funeral the French government offered him, he eventually accepted one, although he asked for the emphasis of the procession to be on the common soldier that died on the battlefield.

Early life

Ponticelli was born "Lazzaro" in Groppo Ducale, a civil parish in the small town of Bettola, Piacenza province, in northern Italy.cite news |date= 2008-03-13 |title=Lazare Ponticelli: Veteran who fought for France and Italy in the First World War|url= http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3540707.ece |publisher= "The Times" |accessdate= 2008-03-16] Raised in the mountain village of Cordiani, he was one of seven children born to Jean and Philomena Ponticelli. His father worked the fairgrounds and occasionally as a carpenter and cobbler.fr cite news |first=Boris |last=Thiolay |date= 2008-03-12 |title=Le der des ders|url= http://www.lexpress.fr/info/france/dossier/guerre1418/dossier.asp?ida=464772 |publisher= "L'Express" |accessdate= 2008-03-26] His mother cultivated the family's small plot of land and, like many women of the area, commuted three times a year to the Po Valley to work in its rice fields. When Lazare was two, his mother moved to France to try to earn a better living. After the unexpected death of their father and his eldest son, Peter, the rest of the family moved to Paris, leaving Lazare in the care of his neighbors.

At the age of six, Ponticelli started working several jobs, including making clogs.fr cite news |first=Alain |last=Vincenot |date= 2008-03-13 |title=Lazare Ponticelli — C’était le dernier poilu |url= http://www.francesoir.fr/societe/2008/03/13/hommage-c-etait-le-dernier-poilu.html |publisher= "L'Express" |accessdate= 2008-03-28] In 1906, at age nine, he saved enough money to buy a train ticket to Paris, which he considered "paradise". Although he spoke no French, he found work as a chimney sweep in Nogent-sur-Marne and later as a paper boy in Paris.cite news |date= 2008-03-12 |title= France's final WWI veteran dies |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7292109.stm |publisher= BBC News |accessdate= 2008-03-12] cite news |first=James |last=Kantner |date= 2008-03-12 |title= Lazare Ponticelli, 110, last 'poilu' of World War I trenches |url= http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/03/12/europe/veteran.php |publisher= "International Herald Tribune" |accessdate= 2008-03-17]

World War I

In August 1914, when he was 16, he lied about his age to join the 1^st Régiment de Marche of the French Foreign Legion, where his older brother Céleste was already serving. According to Ponticelli, France had done much for him, and serving was his way of showing his gratitude. He served at Soissons in Picardy, northeast France and at Douaumont, near Verdun.cite news |date= 2008-03-14 |title= Lazare Ponticelli, 110; France's last surviving World War I veteran |url= http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-ponticelli14mar14,0,7436915.story |publisher= "Los Angeles Times" |accessdate= 2008-03-17] Ponticelli worked at digging burial pits and trenches.cite news |title=Last French World War I Veteran Dies at 110 |url=http://www.nysun.com/article/72831 |work=Associated Press |publisher="The New York Sun" |date=2008-03-13 |accessdate=2008-03-19 ] On one occasion he reportedly rescued a German and a French soldier who had been wounded and caught on the front lines.

With the entry of Italy into the First World War in 1915, Ponticelli was told he had to join the Italian Army and was discharged. At first refusing to leave, Ponticelli was escorted by two gendarmes to Torino, where he joined a regiment of Alpini for service against the Austrians. At his new post as a machine gunner, Ponticelli was seriously wounded by a shell during an assault on an Austrian mountain position. He described the event in an undated interview as "blood running through [his] eyes", but he "continued firing despite [his] wound."

After undergoing surgery, Ponticelli travelled back to his post. His regiment once stopped firing for three weeks on the Austrians, whose language many of them spoke, and swapped loaves of bread for tobacco, taking pictures of each other.cite news |date= 2008-03-19 |title= Lazare Ponticelli |url= http://www.economist.com/obituary/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10875719 |publisher= "The Economist" |accessdate= 2008-04-09] In 1918 he was gassed in an Austrian chemical weapon attack that killed hundreds of his fellow soldiers. Reflecting on war, he said: "You shoot at men who are fathers. War is completely stupid." and once questioned why he, or his regiment, had ever been fighting. In one of his last interviews, Ponticelli stated he was amazed at his own survival.cite news |first=Lisa |last=Millar |date= 2008-03-18 |title= France honours last WWI veteran |url= http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/03/18/2193155.htm |publisher= ABC News |accessdate= 2008-03-24]

Work with Ponticelli Frères

After being demobilised in 1920, Lazare founded a piping and metal work company with his brothers called "Ponticelli Frères" ("Ponticelli Brothers"). Located in the 13th arrondissement of Paris, it became profitable and well-known in its field, and still exists today. At the time of his death it was reported that the company had 4,000 employees.

During the Second World War Ponticelli, who became a French citizen in 1939, was too old for combat, although he supported the war effort by supplying soldiers with his products. He moved his factory into an unoccupied zone when Germany invaded and occupied France. After Vichy France was taken over, he returned northwards and began working with the resistance. Ponticelli continued managing the company until his retirement in 1960.

Later life

Quote box2 |width=300px|margin=15px|align = left |halign = left |bgcolor = #c6dbf7
quote = Today, I express the nation's deep emotion and infinite sadness. I salute the Italian boy who came to Paris to earn his living and chose to become French, first in August 1914 when he lied about his age to sign up at 16 for the French Foreign Legion to defend his adopted homeland. Then a second time in 1921, when he decided to remain here for good.
source = — Nicolas Sarkozy, President of FranceUntil his death Ponticelli lived with his daughter in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France and every November 11 until 2007 attended Armistice Day ceremonies. A recipient of several awards, Ponticelli knew it was his age that gave him the medals and kept them in a shoe box. When originally offered a state funeral by then French President Jacques Chirac, he asserted that he did not want one, although the death of the penultimate recognized soldier,ref|art6| [b] Louis de Cazenave, on January 20, 2008cite news |title=France's oldest WW1 veteran dies |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7199127.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2008-01-20 |accessdate=2008-01-20 ] forced him to reconsider. He eventually accepted a small ceremony "in the name of all those who died, men and women", during World War I.

Ponticelli died at 12:45 pm (1145 GMT) at his home in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre on March 12, 2008, aged 110. At the time of his death, Ponticelli was both the oldest man living born in Italy and the oldest man living in France. [cite news |title=France's oldest man dies |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/frances-oldest-man-dies/2008/01/21/1200764148295.html |work=Reuters |publisher="The Sydney Morning Herald" |date=2008-01-21 |accessdate=2008-03-30 ] Nicolas Sarkozy, the French president, released a statement and said there would be a day of national remembrance for the war dead of France. Ponticelli was survived by at least a daughter, then-78-year-old Janine Desbaucheron.

His state funeral was held on March 17, 2008. The mass was held at Saint-Louis Cathedral in Les Invalides and was attended by government ministers, soldiers and members of Ponticelli's family.cite news |first=Elaine |last=Ganley |title=Adieu to an oldest soldier |url=http://www.philly.com/dailynews/national/20080318_Adieu_to_an_oldest_soldier.html?text=med |work=Associated Press |publisher="Philadelphia Daily News" |date=2008-03-18 |accessdate=2008-03-28 ] French Academic Max Gallo delivered the eulogy. [fr cite news |title=L'hommage à Ponticelli honore tous les poilus |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualites/2008/03/17/01001-20080317ARTFIG00055-l-hommage-a-ponticelli-honore-tous-les-poilus.php |publisher="Le Figaro" |date=2008-03-16 |accessdate=2008-03-30 ] Flags were ordered to be flown at half mast while Sarkozy unveiled a plaque dedicated to the veterans of World War I. The French Foreign Legion, the same regiment that Ponticelli fought in, carried his coffin at the funeral. After the procession he was buried in a family plot in Paris.

ee also

* Last surviving World War I veteran by country
* Veterans of the First World War who died in 2008

Bibliography

*

Notes

* [a] Ponticelli's date of birth is not known with certainty. Officially, it is December 7, 1897, although this is likely a mistake. Most probably, it was recorded as December 27, 1897 in the civil registry and the "2" was erased. Ponticelli's mother remembered giving birth on December 24 and a snowstorm delayed any exit from the house for three days. [fr cite news |first=Jean-Dominique |title=Un «rital» qui s’est battu dans deux armées |url=http://www.liberation.fr/transversales/grandsangles/308039.FR.php |publisher="L'Express" |date=2008-02-05 |accessdate=2008-03-28 ]

* [b] In June 2008, four months after Ponticelli's death, Fernand Goux was discovered to be a French veteran. However, Goux was not officially recognised as a poilu, even though he was called up for service on April 19, since he was only in the trenches from November 3, 1918 to the signing of the armistice on November 11, 1918. [fr cite news|url=http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2008/06/19/460271-Le-dernier-Poilu-de-14-18-n-est-pas-mort.html |title=Le dernier Poilu de 14-18 n'est pas mort|date=2008-06-19|work=Ladepeche.fr|accessdate=2008-09-03]

References

External links

* [http://perso.orange.fr/memoire78/pages/ponti.html Biography and pictures] fr icon
* [http://www.ponticelli.com Ponticelli Frères official website]

Persondata
NAME = Lazare Ponticelli
ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Làzzaro Ponticelli
SHORT DESCRIPTION = World War I veteran, piping and metal worker
DATE OF BIRTH = December 7, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH = Groppo Docale, near Bettola, Piacenza, Italy
DATE OF DEATH = March 12, 2008
PLACE OF DEATH = Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France