Ponferrada

Infobox Settlement
official_name = Ponferrada
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motto = Interamnium Flavium (Between Rivers)


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map_caption = Location of Ponferrada in Europe


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subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = Spain
subdivision_type1 = Autonomous Community
subdivision_name1 = Castilla-León
subdivision_type2 = Province
subdivision_name2 = León
subdivision_type3 = Comarca
subdivision_name3 = El Bierzo
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leader_title =Mayor
leader_name = J. C. López Riesco (PP)
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established_title = Founded
established_date = 11th century
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area_total_km2 = 283
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population_as_of = 2005
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population_total = 65984
population_density_km2 = 233.15
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timezone = CET
utc_offset = +1
timezone_DST = CEST
utc_offset_DST = +2
latd=42 |latm=32 |lats=40 |latNS=N
longd=2 |longm=54 |longs=10 |longEW=W
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elevation_m = 544
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postal_code_type = Postal code
postal_code =244xx
area_code =987
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website = [http://www.ponferrada.org www.ponferrada.org]
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Ponferrada (from the Latin "Pons Ferrata", Iron Bridge) is a town and municipality the capital of the region of El Bierzo, province of León,Castilla y León Spain,. It lies on the river Sil, a tributary of the river Miño. As of January 1, 2005, it had a population of 65,984 (31,934 male and 34,050 female) [http://www.ine.es/en/welcome_en.htm INE] .

Economy

During the second half of the 20th century the economy of the town was based on coal mining, but in the 1980s many mines were closed and the economy is now based mainly on tourism, agriculture (fruit and wine), wind power generation and slate mining.

After the disapparance of the mining industry during the 1990s Ponferrada was for a while in crisis, but it then underwent a major development with the establishment of several industrial and services firms, the opening of a local branch of the University of León offering several undergraduate degrees and in general a radical improvement of the town's infrastructure. This has been accompanied by a mild but constant increase of the population.

Important factors contributing to the recent boom of the tourism industry are the increasing popularity of the Way of St. James ( _es. Camino de Santiago; a pilgrimage route that goes from France to Santiago de Compostela, Galicia), the designation in 1997 of the nearby ancient Roman gold mines of "Las Médulas" as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the development of rural tourism lodging and wineries in the area.

History

The Roman town was named "Interamnium Flavium" due to its position at the confluence of the Sil and the Boeza rivers — "inter amnes" is Latin for "between rivers". The modern name derives from the iron reinforcements added to the ancient bridge over the river Sil (Latin "pons" for bridge and "ferrata" for iron).

Ponferrada has also several attractive medieval churches and municipal buildings, invariably topped with the typical local blue slate.

Templar Castle

The city is noted for the "Castillo de los Templarios", a Templar castle which covers approximately 16,000 square meters. In 1178, Fernando II of Spain donated the city to the Templar order for protecting the pilgrims on the Way of St. James who passed through El Bierzo in their road to Santiago de Compostela.

The Castle hosted the Knights Templar's Great Master of Castille. However, the Templars were only able to enjoy the use of their fortress for about twenty years before the order was disbanded and its properties confiscated in 1311. Several noble houses fought over the assets until Alfonso XI alloted them to the Count of Lemos in 1340. Finally the Catholic Monarchs incorporated Ponferrada and its castle into the Crown in 1486. As with many other historical sites in Europe, many of the blocks that at one point formed the walls of the castle were removed and used in local construction projects. Extensive restoration works are ongoing.

Tourism

Ponferrada lies in El Bierzo valley, completely surrounded by mountains. Just 20 km. away from Ponferrada you can find "El Morredero" peak, which is 2135 m. high and hosts a small ski resort. Just a few kilometres from the city there are many beautiful places (including "Las Médulas" ancient Roman gold mines, a UNESCO World Heritage Site), wineries and typical villages (Molinaseca, San Pedro de Montes, Peñalba, Compludo, etc.) suitable for trekking routes and rural tourism.

Ponferrada hosts its annual festival ("Fiestas de La Encina") during the first week of September with many concerts and activities for adults and especially children, and in July it organises a very popular "Templar Night" in its Templar Castle (participants dress up and recreate town life during the 14th century). The town is also very popular for the lively nightlife, which easily goes on until the sun is high up in the sky. It's common to start the night in "Las Bodegas" (The Wineries), small bars that serve mainly wine, or in the many bars of the Old Town around "La Calle del Reloj" (Clock Street). After that the night moves to the "Bellas Artes" or "Temple" areas downtown. By four or five in the morning the place to go is "La Gran Manzana" (the Big Apple), which consists of several clubs in the outskirts of Ponferrada. For rock lovers the night ends up nearby at "La Universidad" (The University). "Oxi", a new club in the Puente Boeza area, has been recently inaugurated.

Personalities

* Enrique Gil y Carrasco (1815-1846) - Writer
* Luis del Olmo (1937-...) - Journalist

ports

The local football team, SD Ponferradina, has played, for most of its history, in the 2nd Division B and third Division of the Spanish Football League. In the 2006-07 season, for the first time, it played in the 2nd Division, quite an achievement for this medium sized town.

Transport

By car:

Ponferrada is well connected by highway with all the major Spanish cities and the rest of Europe, and there is a local branch of Avis downtown for car rentals.

By bus:

The town is connected by bus to many major Spanish and European cities, though in most instances you need to catch a connecting service, usually in Madrid. The quality "Supra" line between Madrid or La Coruña and Ponferrada is particularly good, with a shorter travel time and superb in-bus service, but also more expensive. [http://www.alsa.es/portal/index.asp?lang=en On-line bus tickets to Ponferrada.] (ALSA)

By train:

Ponferrada is also connected with the rest of Spain and Europe by train. [http://horarios.renfe.es/hir/ingles.html On-line train tickets to Ponferrada.] (Renfe)

By plane:

The nearest international airports are A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, Asturias and Valladolid, connecting to a few major European cities. Slightly further away Madrid Barajas serves a vast array of international destinations. León is the closest, but for the time being it serves only domestic destinations. It's worth mentioning that low-cost airlines operate in Santiago de Compostela and Valladolid (Ryanair), and Madrid Barajas and Asturias (EasyJet). All are connected to Ponferrada by highway and bus, but Madrid and La Coruña have the extra advantage of a direct Supra bus service.
* [http://www.aena.es/csee/Satellite?pagename=Estandar%2FPage%2FAeropuerto&c=Page&MO=0&SMO=-1&SiteName=LELN%26cid%3D1048519503210 León Airport] - 100 km (highway) - 1 hour
* [http://www.aena.es/csee/Satellite?pagename=Estandar%2FPage%2FAeropuerto&c=Page&MO=0&SMO=-1&SiteName=LCG%26cid%3D1048146841342 La Coruña Airport] - 212 km (highway) - 2:10 hours
* [http://www.aena.es/csee/Satellite?pagename=Estandar%2FPage%2FAeropuerto&c=Page&MO=0&SMO=-1&SiteName=SCQ%26cid%3D1048690016783 Santiago de Compostela Airport] - 250 km (highway) - 2:30 hours
* [http://www.aena.es/csee/Satellite?pagename=Estandar%2FPage%2FAeropuerto&c=Page&MO=0&SMO=-1&SiteName=MAD%26cid%3D1049727006353 Madrid Barajas Airport] - 390 km (highway) - 3:40 hours
* [http://www.aena.es/csee/Satellite?cid=1048607593385&pagename=Estandar%2FPage%2FAeropuerto&SMO=-1&SiteName=VLL&c=Page&MO=0&lang=EN_GB Valladolid Airport] - 235 km (highway) - 2:30 hours
* [http://www.aena.es/csee/Satellite?pagename=Estandar%2FPage%2FAeropuerto&c=Page&MO=0&SMO=-1&SiteName=OVD%26cid%3D1047658435997 Asturias Airport] - 247 km (highway) - 2:30 hours

External links

* [http://www.ponferrada.org/ Official Town Website]
* [http://www.xacobeo.es/2006/index.asp?idIdioma=3 Jubilee - Way of St. James]
* [http://www.fundacionlasmedulas.com/index.jsp?idioma=en Las Médulas Foundation]
* [http://www.crdobierzo.es/ Denominación de Origen Bierzo] , a protected designation of origin for the local wine. es icon
* [http://www.alsa.es/portal/index.asp?lang=en On-line bus tickets to Ponferrada]
* [http://www.renfe.es On-line train tickets to Ponferrada]
* [http://www.aena.es/csee/Satellite?pagename=Estandar%2FPage%2FAeropuerto&c=Page&MO=0&SMO=-1&SiteName=LELN%26cid%3D1048519503210 León Airport]
* [http://www.aena.es/csee/Satellite?pagename=Estandar%2FPage%2FAeropuerto&c=Page&MO=0&SMO=-1&SiteName=LCG%26cid%3D1048146841342 La Coruña Airport]
* [http://www.aena.es/csee/Satellite?pagename=Estandar%2FPage%2FAeropuerto&c=Page&MO=0&SMO=-1&SiteName=SCQ%26cid%3D1048690016783 Santiago de Compostela Airport]
* [http://www.aena.es/csee/Satellite?pagename=Estandar%2FPage%2FAeropuerto&c=Page&MO=0&SMO=-1&SiteName=MAD%26cid%3D1049727006353 Madrid Barajas Airport]
* [http://www.aena.es/csee/Satellite?cid=1048607593385&pagename=Estandar%2FPage%2FAeropuerto&SMO=-1&SiteName=VLL&c=Page&MO=0&lang=EN_GB Valladolid Airport]
* [http://www.aena.es/csee/Satellite?pagename=Estandar%2FPage%2FAeropuerto&c=Page&MO=0&SMO=-1&SiteName=OVD%26cid%3D1047658435997 Asturias Airport]