Jotapianus

Infobox Roman emperor
name =Jotapian
full name =M. F. Ru. Jotapianus
title =Usurper of the Roman Empire


caption =Jotapianus coin. His coins are the only source for his names, M. F. RV., which could be expanded as Marcus Fulvius Rufus.
reign ="c." 249 (against Philip the Arab)
date of birth =Near East
predecessor =
successor =
date of death ="c."249|

Marcus Fulvius Rufus Jotapianus (d. "c." 249), also known as Jotapian, was an usurper in the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire during the reign of Philip the Arab, around 249. Jotapianus is known from his rare coins, and from accounts in Aurelius Victor ("Caesares" xxix.2), Zosimus (i.20.2 and i.21.2), and Polemius Silvius ("Laterculus").

Life

Origins

Jotapianus, also known as Iotapianus was a member of the Near East indigenous aristocracy. His name is similar to those of Queen Iotapa and her daughter, princess Iotapa of Commagene, so Jotapianus could have been a member of the royal family of Commagene, which had lost its power in favour of the Romans under Vespasian in 72.

Aurelius Victor reports that Jotapianus claimed descendance from an Alexander. According to some scholars, he referred to Alexander Severus, while other scholars note that King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene claimed descendance from Greek King Alexander the Great.

Revolt and death

Jotapianus led a rebellion started in Syria, towards the end of Philip's rule, against the increase in taxation ordered by the "rector Orientis" Priscus, Philip's brother. It is possible that the Arab Philip somehow favoured his Arabia over the other Eastern provinces, since his rule was not quietly accepted by the local population. Jotapianus made Antioch his capital, but the rebellion came to an end, and Jotapianus was killed by his own soldiers, possibly during Emperor Decius' rule.

Coinage

Coins issued by Jotapianus had been found. All of them are antoniniani, all of them show a crude design, and all of them have a VICTORIA AVG reverse, celebrating a victory of the rebels over Philip troops or rather "the power of the Emperor to conquer" ("Roman Imperial Coins", 4.3). It has been suggested that Jotapianus also issued Aureus, none of which survived.

The coins are the only source for his names, M. F. RV., which could be expanded as Marcus Fulvius Rufus. Furhtermore, their style suggest that the revolt was short and spread over a small territory, since Jotapianus controlled no major mint.

References

* [http://www.roman-emperors.org/philarab.htm#Note%203 Meckler, Michael and Christian Körner, "Jotapianus", s.v. "Philip the Arab and Rival Claimants of the later 240s", in "DIR" (1999).]

External links