Rickenbacker 360/12

Infobox Guitar model|title=Rickenbacker 360/12


bgcolor=#FFFFF
manufacturer=Rickenbacker
period=1963 - Present
bodytype=Semi-Hollow
necktype=Set
woodbody=Maple Carved, with white plastic binding along the back
woodneck=Three-ply Maple/Walnut
woodfingerboard=Rosewood with pearloid triangle inlays and white plastic binding
bridge=Adjustable
pickups=Two Single-coil pickups
colors=Mapleglo (natural), Fireglo (sunburst), Jetglo (black), Midnight Blue

Overview

The Rickenbacker 360/12 was among the first electric twelve-string guitars. This instrument is visually similar to the Rickenbacker 360. Rickenbacker uses an innovative headstock design that incorporates both a slotted-style peghead and a solid peghead, thereby eliminating the need for the larger headstock normally associated with a twelve-string guitar. Another feature unique to Rickenbacker twelve-strings is the ordering of the courses. Most twelve-strings have the octave course on the bass side of the standard course; Rickenbacker reverses this convention. The 360/12 was given worldwide attention by George Harrison, who used it on many Beatles recordings, beginning with 1964's A Hard Day's Night.

Origin

Rickenbacker began developing its electric twelve-string in 1963. The folk music revival of the early '60s witnessed a surge in the popularity of acoustic twelve-string guitars, but the electric variety was still rare. The company created three prototypes, all incorporating the unique headstock design submitted by employee Dick Burke. The design features three tuners on each side mounted as on a standard guitar, with the tuner posts projecting out from the face of the headstock. Two parallel channels are machined into the face of the headstock, reminiscent of the slots in the headstock of a classical guitar, but cut only halfway through the headstock. Three more tuners are attached to each side of the headstock. The knobs of these tuners project towards the rear of the headstock, and the posts transsect the slots in the headstock. This innovation minimizes the size of the headstock, and keeps the instrument from feeling "head-heavy" in the player's hands. It is also one of the very few twelve string guitars to use a conventional width six-string neck, making it somewhat difficult to play cleanly, as the string courses are much closer together than they would normally be on most twelve string guitars.

Rickenbacker gave the first of these prototypes to Suzy Arden, a Las Vegas Country music entertainer. Another prototype was featured at a special display at the Savoy Hilton hotel in New York City in 1964. This display was a showcase for The Beatles, who were in town to play on The Ed Sullivan Show. Despite missing the display due to illness, George Harrison ended up with the twelve-string prototype. His prominent use of the instrument in the film A Hard Day's Night led to high demand for Rickenbacker's twelve-string. Harrison loved the 360-12, and while he moved on to other guitars as his "main" instrument, he retained his affection for the 360-12, once calling it "the only 12 string you can change a string on when you're drunk."fact|date=December 2007 He brought his original 360-12 out of retirement to use on his album "Cloud 9". Harrison received a new style 360/12 in August of 1965, which he used on the "Rubber Soul" and "Revolver" albums. The guitar has never been seen or mentioned of since the group's 1966 US tour, with speculation that it was stolen.fact|date=December 2007

When production began in 1964, Rickenbacker changed some features from those of the prototype. The edge of the body was rounded off around the top of the guitar, and binding was added to the soundhole. Production models retained the prototypes' use of the rectangular trapeze tailpiece until late 1964, when twelve-string models were fitted with Rickenbacker's "R" tailpiece. After 1969, the 360/12 gained a 24-fret neck instead of the traditional 21-fret neck. Three models were produced: the two-pickup 360/12, the three-pickup 370/12 (favored by Roger McGuinn of the The Byrds) and the 450/12, a two-pickup solidbody. The distinctive "jangly" sound of the Rickenbacker 360-12, while approached by other electric twelve strings, has a uniqueness of tone that is unavailable in other guitars of the same type, making it a high-value commodity to musicians attempting to get that particular sound. It continues to sell well to the end of 2007.

Notable players

* George Harrison of The Beatles
* Roger McGuinn of The Byrds
* Brian Jones of The Rolling Stones
* Daniel Johns of Silverchair
* Tom Petty
* Jeff Buckley
* Mike Campbell of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
* Pete Townshend of The Who
* Marty Willson-Piper of The Church
* Les Fradkin of Beatlemania (musical)
* Thom Yorke of Radiohead
* Chris Martin of Coldplay
* Carl Wilson of the Beach Boys
* Johnny Marr of The Smiths
* Peter Buck of R.E.M.

External links

* [http://www.rickenbacker.com/ Rickenbacker International Corporation]

Source

Bacon, Tony. "Electric Guitars: the Illustrated Encyclopedia." Thunder Bay Press, 2000. ISBN 1-57145-281-8