- Lisdexamfetamine
Drugbox
IUPAC_name = ("S")-2,6-diamino-N- [("S")-1-phenylpropan-2-yl] hexanamide
width=192px
CAS_number= 608137-32-2
ATC_prefix=
ATC_suffix=
PubChem= 11597697
DrugBank=
C=15 | H=25 | N=3 | O=1
molecular_weight = 263.378 g/mol
bioavailability=
metabolism = Hepatic
elimination_half-life= < 1 hour (prodrug molecule)
excretion = Renal: ~2%
pregnancy_category = C
legal_US = Schedule II
legal_status =
routes_of_administration= OralLisdexamfetamine (L-lysine-d-amphetamine) is an inactive molecule
prodrug (brand name Vyvanse) consisting of thepsychostimulant d-amphetamine coupled with theessential amino acid L-lysine. Lisdexamfetamine was developed so that the psychostimulant is released and activated more slowly as the prodrug molecule ishydrolyzed —consequently cleaving off the amino acid-during the first pass through theintestine s and/or theliver . Essentially, this makes lisdexamfetamine an extended-release formulation of d-amphetamine; however, the release characteristics are integral to the molecule itself, rather than simply the pill construction.Vyvanse is the dimesylate salt of lisdexamfetamine, developed by New River Pharmaceuticals, who were bought by Shire Pharmaceuticals shortly before lisdexamfetamine began marketing. It is marketed by Shire Pharmaceuticals. Vyvanse is
FDA approved for the treatment ofattention-deficit hyperactivity disorder inpediatric patients ages 6–12, and in adults. Vyvanse pills are available in dosages of up to 70mg. Not only does Shire aspire to have Vyvanse replace Adderall XR as their flagshipADHD product,Fact|date=September 2008 they also have their marketing target set at 50% of the ADHDpharmaceutical market share .Fact|date=September 2008 Shire will be applying for European approval for the treatment of adolescents and adult ADHD patients, and for adolescent FDA approval.Fact|date=September 2008 Unlike Adderall, which contains roughly 75% d-amphetamine and 25% l-amphetamine, lisdexamfetamine is a single-enantiomeramphetamine formulation. Certain individuals exhibit a better clinical response to the mixed isomer preparation, thus they may continue to use Adderall XR or equivalent generics.A 25 mg Vyvanse capsule is molecularly equivalent to a 10 mg Dexedrine Spansule (both the aforementioned pharmaceuticals are about 7.425 mg dextroamphetamine), although a 25mg Vyvanse capsule is not commercially available (see dosage strengths below). However, this molecular equivalence ratio does not imply that these respective doses of Vyvanse and Dexedrine XR (Spansule) are
bioequivalent --the two formulations have slightly different pharmacokinetic profiles. That is, while the AUC for the aforementioned pharmaceuticals is equivalent, the peak exposure (Cmax) to the active compound dextroamphetamine is about 50% higher for Vyvanse than for Dexedrine XR. [ [http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/nda/2007/021977s000_ClinPharmR.pdf FDA Approval of Vyvanse - Pharmacological Reviews] ]In human oral abuse-liability studies, 150 mg Vyvanse produced a "likeability"—euphoric effect—that was determined to be indistinguishable from 200 mg of the Schedule IV drug
diethylpropion hydrochloride or 40 mg ofdextroamphetamine . [ [http://www.vyvanse.com/pdf/prescribing_information.pdf VyvstdfullPILDXPI9 (Page 1) ] ]On January 3rd, 2008, Shire Pharmaceuticals announced that the
FDA approved three new dosage strengths of 20, 40, and 60 milligrams. These new dosages will supplement the 30, 50, and 70 milligram dosages that are already available. [ [http://www.boston.com/business/healthcare/articles/2008/01/03/shire_fda_oks_new_vyvanse_dosages/ Shire: FDA OKs new Vyvanse dosages - Boston.com ] ] On April 23rd, 2008, Vyvanse received FDA approval for the adult population. [ [http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/appletter/2008/021977s001ltr.pdf FDA Adult Approval of Vyvanse - FDA Label and Approval History] ]Notes and references
http://www.vyvanse.com
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