A. H. J. Prins

Adriaan Hendrik Johan Prins, generally known as A. H. J. Prins (1921, Harderwijk–11 February 2000) was a Dutch Africanist and maritime anthropologist. He was a recipient of many research grants and fellowships (UNESCO, Ford Foundation, the Netherlands Organization for Pure Research, etc.), Prins was frequently consulted by the Dutch government and royal court, who valued his wealth of knowledge about the peoples and cultures of Africa and the Middle East.

In addition to scores of encyclopedia entries and dozens of scholarly articles in a wide range of international journals such as "Anthropos", "Man", "Human Organization", and "The Mariner’s Mirror", Prins regularly published in Dutch newspapers and magazines. Moreover, he illustrated many of his books and articles with his own ethnographic photographs, sketches, and pen drawings.

Early life and education

Prins studied social geography and ethnology at the University of Utrecht under Prof. Dr. Henri Th. Fischer.

In 1943, the German occupying forces ordered Dutch students and faculty to sign a "loyalty declaration." Like many others, Prins refused and joined the resistance movement, ultimately becoming Chief of Intelligence in the VIth Brigade (Veluwe). Following the 1944 Battle of Arnhem, he was incorporated into the British Second Army as a Special Forces officer. After, he was known as “Peter,” his "nom de guerre".

After demobilization in 1945, he resumed graduate studies at Utrecht. A year later, having acquired his "doctoraal" degree, he became a research assistant at Utrecht's Institute of Ethnology under Fischer. In 1947, he received a fellowship at the London School of Economics (LSE) for social anthropology training under Raymond Firth, Siegfried Nadel, and Audrey Richards. Then, equipped with language training in Swahili, he travelled to Kenya as a British Colonial Fellow for ethnographic research in the Teita Hills. Guided by Senior District Commissioner Harold E. Lambert, a Cambridge University-trained anthropologist and linguist specialized in the Swahili and Kikuyu languages, Prins began his fieldwork. Later, he dedicated one of his books to Lambert. [ A Swahili Nautical Dictionary ] Although Prins focused initially on British anthropological topics, such as kinship and social structure, his enduring interest concerned the maritime history and cultural ecology of seafaring peoples.

Career

In 1951, two years before earning his PhD from Utrecht U, Prins was hired as the first anthropologist at the University of Groningen, where he later became the founding director of the Institute of Cultural Anthropology. Although he lectured at many institutions in Europe, East Africa, and the Middle East, he remained there until his retirement in 1984.

Fieldwork

A committed fieldworker, Prins made numerous journeys abroad during and after his tenure at Groningen. In 1957, he began studying dhows, the lateen-rigged sailing ships of the Indian Ocean and the way in which they operate, first in the Persian Gulf, then on the coast of Zanzibar, Kenya and Tanganyika (1957, 1965-66, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971). Other projects involved research in Ethiopia (1954-55), Iraq (1957), Iran (1959), the Persian Gulf (1970, 1973), Syria and Turkey (1961-62, 1970), South Arabia (1970, 1973), Zambia (1972, 1974). One of the founders of the Arctic Centre at Groningen U, he made annual research trips to northern Scandinavia from 1968-92, and beginning in 1970 traveled to Greece and made frequent journeys to the Mediterranean island of Malta.

Retirement

After his retirement in 1984, the Dutch government restructured higher education and terminated the anthropological institute at Groningen University. As an Emeritus Professor, Prins continued various maritime and cultural historical research projects. He died on 11 February 2000, after five years of illness, the result of a debilitating stroke. Buried in Noordlaren near "Huis ter Aa," his family home in the old rural village of Glimmen south of Groningen City, he was survived by his wife Ita, nine children, and sixteen grandchildren.

Selected Publications

* "The Coastal Tribes of the Northeastern Bantu: Pokomo, Nyika, Teita" (1952).
* "East-African Age-Class Systems: An Inquiry into the Social Order of the Galla, Kipsigis and Kikuyu" (1953; reprinted by the Negro Press in 1970)
* "Bibliografie van Harderwijk: Grondslagen voor een verzameling bronnen en publicaties, geannoteerd, bijeengebracht en van een inleiding voorzien" (1960).
* "The Swahili-speaking Peoples of Zanzibar and the East Coast of Africa" (1961, 2nd edition 1967)
* "Sailing from Lamu: A Study of Maritime Culture in Islamic East Africa" (1965).
* "Schippers van Blokzijl: Een maritime maatschappij in miniatuur" (1969).
* "Didemic Lamu: Social and Spatial Structure" (1971).
* "A Swahili Nautical Dictionary" (Preface by Julius Nyerere, 1972).
* "Jan van Schaffelaer: Requiem voor een Gelderse Ruiter" (1982)
* "Watching the Seaside: Essays on Maritime Anthropology by dr A. H. J. Prins" (eds. Durk Hak, Ypie Kroes & Hans Schneymann, 1984).
* "Copernicaanse Cultuurkunde" (1984)
* "Handbook of Sewn Boats: The Ethnography and Archaeology of Archaic Plank-Built Craft" (1984).
* "In Peril on the Sea: Marine Votive Paintings in the Maltese Islands" (1989).
* "Groningen: Middeleeuwse Hanzestad vanaf de Waterkant" (1994)
* “Mediterranean Ships and Shipping, 1650-1850.” In: "The Heyday of Sail: The Merchant Sailing Ship 1650-1830" (1995).

Sources

* “From Tropical Africa to Arctic Scandinavia: A. H. J. Prins as Maritime Anthropologist.” In: "Circumpolar Studies" 2: 21-28.
* “Dr. A. H. J. Prins as a Maritime Anthropologist: A preliminary appraisal and an introduction.” By Durk Hak, in: "Watching the Seaside", 1984:1-10.
* "Anthropology News", Vol. 41 (4): 92.
* "Anthropology Today", Vol. 16 (3): 25-26.
* "Focaal: Tijdschrift voor Antropologie", No.35.

References