- Parvalbumin
protein
Name=parvalbumin
caption=
width=
HGNCid=9704
Symbol=PVALB
AltSymbols=
EntrezGene=5816
OMIM=168890
RefSeq=NM_002854
UniProt=P20472
PDB=
ECnumber=
Chromosome=22
Arm=q
Band=12
LocusSupplementaryData=-q13.1Parvalbumin is a
calcium binding albumin protein.It has three
EF hand motifs and is structurally related tocalmodulin andtroponin C . Parvalbumin is localised in fast-contracting muscles, where its levels are highest, and in the brain and some endocrine tissues.Neuronal role of parvalbumin
Parvalbumin is present in
GABA ergicinterneuron s in the nervous system, predominantly expressed by chandelier andbasket cell s in the cortex. In thehippocampus , PV+ interneurons are subdivided into basket, axo-axonic, bistratified, and oriens-lacunosum moleculare (O-LM) cells, each subtype targeting distinct domains ofpyramidal cell s. cite journal |author=Klausberger T, Marton LF, O'Neill J, Huck JH, Dalezios Y, Fuentealba P, Suen WY, Papp E, Kaneko T, Watanabe M, Csicsvari J, Somogyi P |title=Complementary roles of cholecystokinin- and parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic neurons in hippocampal network oscillations |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=25 |issue=42 |pages=9782–93 |year=2005 |pmid=16237182 |doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3269-05.2005 [http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/25/42/9782 free full text] ] Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons' connections are mostly perisomatic (around the cell body of neurons). Most of the PV interneurons are fast-spiking. They are also thought to give rise togamma wave s recorded inEEG .PV-expressing interneurons represent approximately 25% of GABA cells in the
primate DLPFC. cite journal |author=Condé F, Lund JS, Jacobowitz DM, Baimbridge KG, Lewis DA |title=Local circuit neurons immunoreactive for calretinin, calbindin D-28k or parvalbumin in monkey prefrontal cortex: distribution and morphology |journal=J. Comp. Neurol. |volume=341 |issue=1 |pages=95–116 |year=1994 |pmid=8006226 |doi=10.1002/cne.903410109] cite journal |author=Gabbott PL, Bacon SJ |title=Local circuit neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (areas 24a,b,c, 25 and 32) in the monkey: II. Quantitative areal and laminar distributions |journal=J. Comp. Neurol. |volume=364 |issue=4 |pages=609–36 |year=1996 |pmid=8821450 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960122)364:4<609::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-7 |doilabel=10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960122)364:4609::AID-CNE23.0.CO;2-7] Other calcium-binding protein markers arecalretinin (most abundant subtype in DLPFC, about 50%) andcalbindin . Interneurons are also divided into subgroups by the expression of neuropeptides (somatostatin ,neuropeptide Y ,cholecystokinin ).Role in pathology
Decreased PV and
GAD67 expression was found in PV+ GABAergic interneurons inschizophrenia . cite journal |author=Hashimoto T, Volk DW, Eggan SM, Mirnics K, Pierri JN, Sun Z, Sampson AR, Lewis DA |title=Gene expression deficits in a subclass of GABA neurons in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=23 |issue=15 |pages=6315–26 |year=2003 |pmid=12867516 |doi= [http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/23/15/6315 free full text] ]PV has been identified as an
allergen causingseafood allergy . cite journal |author=Swoboda I, Bugajska-Schretter A, Verdino P, Keller W, Sperr WR, Valent P, Valenta R, Spitzauer S |title=Recombinant carp parvalbumin, the major cross-reactive fish allergen: a tool for diagnosis and therapy of fish allergy |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=168 |issue=9 |pages=4576–84 |year=2002 |pmid=11971005 |doi=]References
External links
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