Glatt (Rhine)

Infobox River | river_name = Glatt

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caption = At Glattbrugg
origin = Greifensee
mouth = Rhine (Rheinsfelden)
basin_countries = Switzerland
length = 38,5 km
elevation = 435 m
mouth_elevation = 356 m
discharge =
watershed =

Glatt (pronounced|glat) is the name of a lesser affluent to the River Rhine in the Unterland of the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. It is 38,5 km long and flows out from the Greifensee thru the Glatt Valley, discharging into the Rhine by Rheinsfelden. Whereas the upper reaches are only gently inclined, the stream gets steeper beneath, forming banks of bed load.

The earliest mention of the Glatt "(fluvii, qui dicitur glat)" dates back to 1034 at the latest. The hydronym is proposed to hearken back to the OHG adjective "glat", meaning either ‚bright, clear‘ or ‚plane, smooth‘.Gabrielle Schmid/Andres Kristol, "Niederglatt ZH (Dielsdorf)" in: "Dictionnaire toponymique des communes suisses – Lexikon der schweizerischen Gemeindenamen – Dizionario toponomastico dei comuni svizzeri (DTS|LSG)", Centre de dialectologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Verlag Huber, Frauenfeld/Stuttgart/Wien 2005, ISBN 3-7193-1308-5 and Éditions Payot, Lausanne 2005, ISBN 2-601-03336-3, p. 646.] Since the 15th century, the Glatt had been subject to the sovereignty of the city of Zurich, the council of which assigned the custody over the river to two reeves "(Glattvögte)" in the 16th century.

After a first attempt to regulate the stream in 1593 and an only rudimentarily realized project in the early 19th century, the largest reshapings took place during the time from 1878 to 1895. In 1936, another straightening was carried out as a preliminary work to the construction of the Zurich Airport as well as to land improvement and future overbuildings. Due to the last regulation works in 1975 between Niederglatt and the Glatt’s confluence to the Rhine, the hydroelectric power stations built in the late 19th century at the lower course of the stream disappeared.

Erstwhile the Glatt was said to be abounding with fish. Owing to the accelerated growth of Zurich’s agglomeration during the 20th century and the insufficiency of the purification plants built in the 1960s, it has been strongly polluted; from 1994 to 2002, the sewage system was restructured by driving a tunnel between the Glatt Valley and the Limmat Valley.

ources

*HDS|8762|Glatt|author=Martin Illi|date=2005-02-11