Wulfing

(Nerman 1925).

The Wulfings play an important role in "Beowulf" as Beowulf's father Ecgþeow of the Wægmunding clan had slain one of its members, and was banished for not paying the wergild. The Danish king Hroðgar, who was married to Wealhþeow, a Wulfing woman, graciously paid the wergild, and when Beowulf arrived at the Danish court in order to slay Grendel, Hroðgar interpreted this as a son's gratitude.

In Old Norse sources, the clan figure prominently in the "Heimskringla" and in "Sögubrot", where Hjörvard and his son Hjörmund belong to it. It is also mentioned in the "Lay of Hyndla" and in "Skáldskaparmál" where Eiríkr the Wise was one of its members. However, its most famous member was Helge Hundingsbane who had two poems of his own ("Helgakviða Hundingsbana I" and "Helgakviða Hundingsbana II"), in the "Poetic Edda", and whose story is also retold in the "Völsunga saga".

Newton (1993), has proposed that the East Anglian Wuffing dynasty was derived from the Wulfings, and it was at their court that "Beowulf" was first composed.

A common name in Czech is "Velflik" which means wolfling, and may descend from wylfing, whose similarity to wolfling is evident.

Location

According to the Norse sagas, the Wulfings ruled the Geatish petty kingdom of Östergötland.

In the first poem ("Helgakviða Hundingsbana I"), Sinfjotli has his residence on the Brávellir (see Battle of the Brávellir).Stanza 42:

Helgi Hundingsbane resides at Hringstaðir (probably modern Ringstad, an old royal estate on the same plain).

In the Heimskringla, Högni was the ruler of Östergötland. The legends of Helge Hundingsbane relate that Högni lost his throne to Helgi Hundingsbane. On the other hand, "Sögubrot" relates that Ivar Vidfamne gave the East Geatish throne to Hjörmund, the son of Hjörvard, after Ingjald's death since it had been the kingdom of Hjörmund's father Hjörvard.

:"Hann setti konunga ok jarla ok lét ser skatta gjalda; han setti Hjörmund konung, on Hervardar Ylfings, yfir Eystra-Gautland, er átt hafði faðir hans ok Granmarr konungr".

However, this contradicts both the legend of Helge Hundingsbane and the "Heimskringla" in which the dynasty never lost Östergötland, unless Ivar killed either Högne or Helgi Hundingsbane before giving the throne to their relative Hjörmund.

Known Wulfings

* Helm Wulfingum ("Helm of the Wulfings"), mentioned in "Widsith".
*Heaðolaf ("Beowulf")
*Helgi Hundingsbane ("Edda", "Völsunga saga" and "Norna-Gests þáttr")
*Hjörvard Ylfing (e.g. "Heimskringla" and "Sögubrot")
*Hjörmund (e.g. "Heimskringla" and "Sögubrot")
*Högne (e.g. "Heimskringla")
*Hildur, the son of Högne (e.g. "Heimskringla")
*Eric the Wise ("Skaldskaparmal" and the "Lay of Hyndla")
*Wealhþeow, the queen of the Danish king Hroðgar, in "Beowulf".

Footnotes

fnb|1 Word initial "w" was lost before rounded vowels in Proto-Norse, e.g. "wulf" corresponds to "ulf", and "Wulfing"/"Wylfing" corresponds to "Ylfing", because the "i" in the second syllable causes an umlaut in the first syllable "u"->"y".

Primary sources

*Sögubrot
*Beowulf
*Skáldskaparmál
*Heimskringla
*Lay of Hyndla
*Edda
*Widsith

econdary sources

Nerman, B. "Det svenska rikets uppkomst". Stockholm, 1925.

Newton, S., 1993. The Origins of Beowulf and the Pre-Viking Kingdom of East Anglia. Cambridge.