Nevada County, California

County of Nevada
—  County  —
Seal
Location in the state of California
California's location in the United States
Country	United States
State	California
Region	Sierra Nevada, Greater Sacramento
Incorporated	1851
County seat	Nevada City
Area
– Total	974 sq mi (2,522.6 km2)
– Land	957 sq mi (2,478.6 km2)
– Water	17 sq mi (44 km2)
Population (2010)
– Total	98,764
– Density	101.4/sq mi (39.2/km2)
Time zone	Pacific Standard Time (UTC-8)
– Summer (DST)	Pacific Daylight Time (UTC-7)
Website	www.mynevadacounty.com

Nevada County is a county located in the Sierra Nevada of California, in the Mother Lode country. As of 2010 its population was 98,764. The county seat is Nevada City.

History

Martis Creek Lake and Dam at the southern end of Nevada County near Truckee. At full pool the lake extends into Placer County in the distance to the south.

Martis Creek Lake and Dam in Nevada County. This picture was actually taken over Placer County, looking north into Nevada County.

Nevada County was created in 1851 from parts of Yuba County.

The county was named after the mining town of Nevada City, a name derived from the term "Sierra Nevada." The word nevada in Spanish means "snowy" or "snowcovered."^[1]

Nevada City was the first to use the word "Nevada" as its name. In 1851 the newly formed Nevada County mimicked the name. The State of Nevada used the name 10 years later in 1861. The region came to life in the gold rush of 1849. Many historical sites remain to mark the birth of this important region in California's formative years. Among them are the Nevada Theatre in Nevada City, the oldest theater built in California in the year of 1865. It operates to this day and once hosted Mark Twain among other historical figures. The old 5-mile (8.0 km) house stagecoach stop built in 1890, also operates to this day as a provider of hospitality spanning three centuries. This historical site still features "The stagecoach safe" that is on display outside the present day restaurant and is the source of many legends of stagecoach robbers and notorious highwaymen in the California gold rush era. The gold industry in Nevada County thrived into the post WWII days.

Gold nugget of about 6 troy ounces, from the Yuba River placers of Nevada County. Size: 8.3 x 2.8 x 2.3 cm.

The county had many firsts and historic technological moments. The first long-distance telephone in the world, built in 1877 by the Ridge Telephone Company, connected French Corral with French Lake, 58 miles (93 km) away.^[2] It was operated by the Milton Mining Company from a building on this site that had been erected about 1853. The Pelton wheel, designed to power gold mines, still drives hydro-electric generators today. Nevada City and Grass Valley were among the first California towns with electric lights. The Olympics, NASA, and virtually every television station around the country utilizes video/broadcasting equipment designed and manufactured by Grass Valley Group, founded in Grass Valley. Electronic medical dosing equipment was first developed and manufactured in Nevada County.^{[citation needed]} The first commercially viable picture-phone was developed in Nevada City.^{[citation needed]} More than fifty high tech and applied tech companies, and more than one thousand hardware and software design and development professionals call Nevada County home. The county is sometimes referred to as the "Silicon Valley of the Sierras." The arcade video game was born in Nevada County, with Pong.

The Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railroad was built in 1876, and was the only railroad in the West that was never robbed, even though its primary freight was gold. (Builder-owner John Flint Kidder's reputation made it clear that he would personally hunt down and kill anyone who tried.) The rail line closed in 1942 and was torn up for scrap.

In Grass Valley the historic Holbrooke Hotel opened in 1851 and housed Mark Twain, Bret Harte, and four U.S. presidents (U.S. Grant, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, and James A. Garfield).

The Community of Rough and Ready seceded from the Union for a time and became the Great Republic of Rough and Ready.

Geography and ecology

According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of 974.49 square miles (2,523.9 km²), of which 957.61 square miles (2,480.2 km²) (or 98.27%) is land and 16.88 square miles (43.7 km²) (or 1.73%) is water.^[3]

The western part of the county is defined by the course of several rivers and the irregular boundaries of adjoining counties. When the county was created, the founders wanted to include access to the transcontinental railroad, so a rectangular section was added that includes the railroad town of Truckee. What is remarkable about this is that the final shape of the county closely resembles the Deringer pocket pistol, a favorite at the time of the more urbane residents of this gold rush county.

Ecology

The county has substantial areas of forest, grassland, savanna, riparian area and other ecosystems. Forests include both coniferous as well as oak dominated woodland types. There are also numerous understory forbs and wildflowers including the Yellow Mariposa Lily (Calochortus luteus).^[4]

National protected areas

• Tahoe National Forest (part)
• Toiyabe National Forest (part)

Cities and towns

Cities over 10,000 population

• Grass Valley

Cities under 10,000 population

• Nevada City (County Seat)

Towns over 10,000 population

• Truckee

Towns under 10,000 population

• Alta Sierra - a subdivision
• Anthony house - Nisenan Indian territory
• Birchville
• Blue Tent
• Boca
• Boreal
• Cedar Ridge
• Cherokee Township
• Chicago Park
• French Corral
• Floriston
• Graniteville
• Kingvale
• Lake City
• Lake of the Pines - a gated subdivision
• Lake Wildwood - a gated subdivision
• Malakoff Diggins
• Moore's Flat
• Nevada City
• Nevada City Rancheria - Nisenan Indian government settlement area
• Norden
• North Bloomfield
• North Columbia
• North San Juan
• Ophir Hill
• Peardale
• Penn Valley
• Pleasant Valley
• Ready Springs
• Rough and Ready
• Soda Springs
• Sunset District
• Sweetland
• Truckee
• Washington
• You Bet

Adjacent counties

• Placer County, California - south
• Yuba County, California - west
• Sierra County, California - north
• Washoe County, Nevada - east

Nevada County is one of four counties in the United States to border a state with which it shares a name (the other three counties are Texas County, Oklahoma, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and Ohio County, West Virginia).

Transportation Infrastructure

Major highways

• Interstate 80
• State Route 20
• State Route 49
• State Route 89
• State Route 174

Public Transportation

• Gold Country Stage runs bus service in Grass Valley, Nevada City, Cedar Ridge and Colfax. A connection is available between Grass Valley and Auburn (Placer County).
• Tahoe Area Rapid Transit, operated by Placer County, has a route connecting Truckee with Lake Tahoe and the state of Nevada. Truckee also has its own local bus service.
• Greyhound and Amtrak stop in Truckee and Colfax.

Airports

Nevada County Air Park is a general aviation airport located just east of Grass Valley.
Truckee Tahoe Airport is a general aviation airport in Truckee, partially in Nevada County and partially in Placer County.

Demographics

2010

The 2010 United States Census reported that Nevada County had a population of 98,764. The racial makeup of Nevada County was 90,233 (91.4%) White, 389 (0.4%) African American, 1,044 (1.1%) Native American, 1,187 (1.2%) Asian, 110 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 2,678 (2.7%) from other races, and 3,123 (3.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8,439 persons (8.5%).^[5]

Population reported at 2010 United States Census
The County	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Nevada County	98,764	90,233	389	1,044	1,187	110	2,678	3,123	8,439
Incorporated cities and towns	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Grass Valley	12,860	11,493	46	208	188	9	419	497	1,341
Nevada City	3,068	2,837	26	28	46	0	40	91	205
Truckee	16,180	13,992	60	95	241	15	1,431	346	3,016
Census-designated places	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Alta Sierra	6,911	6,436	18	55	73	9	122	198	488
Floriston	73	67	0	4	0	0	0	2	0
Graniteville	11	11	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kingvale‡	141	133	1	1	0	1	2	3	6
Lake of the Pines	3,917	3,669	5	20	65	7	24	127	246
Lake Wildwood	4,991	4,726	17	46	56	10	32	104	272
North San Juan	269	224	1	12	11	0	0	21	9
Penn Valley	1,621	1,434	9	34	23	0	31	90	143
Rough and Ready	963	886	3	6	16	6	11	35	56
Soda Springs	81	79	0	2	0	0	0	0	7
Washington	185	166	1	4	0	0	4	10	11
Unincorporated communities	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
All others not CDPs (combined)	47,493	44,080	202	529	468	53	562	1,599	2,639
‡ Note: these numbers reflect only the portion of this CDP in Nevada County

2000

As of the census^[6] of 2000, there were 92,033 people, 36,894 households, and 25,936 families residing in the county. The population density was 96 people per square mile (37/km²). There were 44,282 housing units at an average density of 46 per square mile (18/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 93.39% White, 0.28% Black or African American, 0.88% Native American, 0.78% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 1.94% from other races, and 2.64% from two or more races. 5.65% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.4% were of German, 16.3% English, 11.1% Irish, 6.8% Italian and 6.6% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 94.0% spoke English and 4.2% Spanish as their first language.

There were 36,894 households out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.6% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.7% were non-families. 22.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the county the population was spread out with 23.1% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 29.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $45,864, and the median income for a family was $52,697. Males had a median income of $40,742 versus $27,173 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,007. About 5.5% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.5% of those under age 18 and 4.9% of those age 65 or over.

Politics

Nevada County vote
by party in presidential elections

Year	GOP	DEM	Others
2008	46.2% 25,663	51.5% 28,617	2.1% 1,138
2004	53.4% 28,790	44.9% 24,220	1.7% 910
2000	54.8% 25,998	37.2% 17,670	8.0% 3,811
1996	50.4% 21,784	35.6% 15,369	14.0% 6,066
1992	39.2% 17,343	34.9% 15,433	25.9% 11,425
1988	57.8% 21,383	40.5% 14,980	1.8% 660
1984	62.4% 19,809	35.3% 11,198	2.4% 761
1980	57.9% 15,207	29.0% 7,605	13.1% 3,449
1976	48.4% 8,170	47.0% 7,926	4.7% 785
1972	54.7% 8,004	38.9% 5,693	6.4% 941
1968	51.4% 6,061	39.1% 4,607	9.6% 1,126
1964	43.3% 4,899	56.5% 6,397	0.2% 22
1960	53.4% 5,419	45.7% 4,633	0.9% 89
1956	59.7% 5,475	40.0% 3,667	0.3% 31
1952	64.0% 6,819	35.1% 3,735	0.9% 94
1948	47.1% 3,917	47.0% 3,914	5.9% 495
1944	44.4% 2,648	54.8% 3,266	0.8% 47
1940	32.7% 2,863	66.0% 5,782	1.3% 114
1936	26.8% 1,913	71.9% 5,128	1.3% 90
1932	32.9% 1,842	63.3% 3,544	3.8% 210
1928	52.0% 2,173	46.9% 1,959	1.1% 47
1924	42.2% 1,513	8.6% 307	49.2% 1,763
1920	65.0% 2,055	23.6% 747	11.4% 361

As of April 21, 2009, there are 25,601 registered Republicans, 21,548 registered Democrats, and 12,184 Declined to State voters in Nevada County. The American Independent and Green Parties have under 2,000 registered voters each. In both 2000 and 2004, George W. Bush won a majority of the votes in the county. In 2008, Barack Obama carried the county with a 51.5%-46.2% margin. 2008 marked the first time Nevada County went for a Democrat since Lyndon Johnson in 1964.

Nevada County is part of California's 4th congressional district, which is held by Republican Tom McClintock. In the state legislature, Nevada County is represented by Doug LaMalfa (Rep) of the 4th Senate District and Ted Gaines (Rep) of the 1st Senate District. Dan Logue (Rep) holds the seat for the 3rd Assembly District.

On November 4, 2008 Nevada County voted for Proposition 8, which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages, by 3 votes.

Noted residents

Herbert Hoover, President of the United States. Hoover lived in Nevada City as a young mining engineer after graduating from Stanford University. Chuck Yeager, Pilot, first man to break the Sound Barrier. Clint Walker, Actor. Lyman Gilmore, a contemporary of the Wright Brothers, developed early powered aircraft and operated the world's first commercial air field in Grass Valley. There is also evidence he may have flown before the Wright brothers.

Charles Litton Sr., a resident and entrepreneur of Nevada County, assisted Raytheon in the development of the magnetron tube.

National Football League star Ricky Williams lives in the county.

The former actor and television announcer Edwin W. Reimers resided in Nevada City at the time of his death in 1986.

Former Troubled Assets Relief Program head Neel Kashkari lives in the county as part of his "Washington detox."^[7]

Books

• Bean, E. F. (1867). Bean's History and directory of Nevada county, California ... With sketches of the various towns and mining camps ... Also full statistics of mining and all other industrial resources. Nevada, Cal.: Printed at the Daily Gazette Book and Job Office.
• Comstock, D. A. (1998). Catalog of historical landmarks and dedicated sites in Nevada County, California. NCHS books. Nevada City, Calif: Nevada County Historical Society.
• Comstock, D. A. (2004). News and advertising in the early gold camps of Nevada County, California: Volume one - 1850 through 1852. Grass Valley, Calif: Comstock Bonanza Press.
• Comstock, D. A., & Comstock, A. H. (1999). Nevada County vital statistics, 1850-1869 (and up to 1876 for divorces): births, marriages, separations, divorces, naturalizations, and deaths in Nevada County, California, as compiled from county records, cemeteries, newspapers, letters, diaries, and family records, plus a list of clergymen who served in Nevada County during those same years. Nevada County pioneers series, v. 1. Grass Valley, Calif: Comstock Bonanza Press.
• Foley, D., Kelly, L., & Book, S. (1975). The Maidu Indians of Nevada County, California.
• Nevada County (Calif.). (1915). Nevada County, state of California: the home of deep producing gold mines and prolific fruit orchards. Grass Valley, Calif: Union Pub. Co.
• Nevada County Promotion Committee. (1904). Nevada County, California: the most prosperous mining county of the United States, where good mines are found in a country with a pereect [sic] climate and all the comforts of civilization. [Nevada City, Calif.]: Nevada County Promotion Committee.
• Pastron, A. G., Walsh, M. R., & Clewlow, C. W. (1990). Archaeological and ethnohistoric investigations at CA-NEV-194, near Rough and Ready, Nevada County, California. Archives of California prehistory, no. 31. Salinas, CA: Coyote Press.
• True, G. H. (1973). The ferns and seed plants of Nevada County, California. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences.
• Wells, H. L. (1880). History of Nevada County, California with illustrations descriptive of its scenery, residences, public buildings, fine blocks, and manufactories. Oakland, CA: Thompson & West.
• Wyckoff, R. M. (1962). Hydraulicking: a brief history of hydraulic mining in Nevada County, California. Nevada City, Calif: Osborn/Woods.

See also

• Hiking trails in Nevada County
• List of California public officials charged with crimes, Nevada County
• List of school districts in Nevada County, California
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Nevada County, California

References

1. ^ "Nevada County History". US Gen Web Project in California. http://www.cagenweb.com/nevada/nchistory.html. Retrieved 2008-10-01. 
2. ^ [1]
3. ^ "Census 2000 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Counties". United States Census. http://www.census.gov/tiger/tms/gazetteer/county2k.txt. Retrieved 2011-02-13. 
4. ^ C. Michael Hogan. 2009. Yellow Mariposa Lily: Calochortus luteus, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg
5. ^ "2010 Census P.L. 94-171 Summary File Data". United States Census Bureau. http://www2.census.gov/census_2010/01-Redistricting_File--PL_94-171/California/. 
6. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
7. ^ The $700 Billion Man

• "Nevada County's Development: The Great Niagara Mine As A Criterion Of The Future". Overland Monthly, and Out West Magazine XL (3). September 1902. http://books.google.com/?id=1gYNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA349. Retrieved 2009-08-15. 

External links

• Official Nevada County government website
• Nevada County Official Guide

Coordinates: 39°18′N 120°46′W / 39.30°N 120.77°W / 39.30; -120.77