- Viral email
A viral email (also known as a "pass-along email") is a certain kind of
email which rapidly propagates from person to person, generally in aword-of-mouth manner. This is an example of aviral phenomenon , which is used for profit inviral marketing , but can also contribute to the propagation ofInternet meme s likeviral video s.Overview
Viral emails may arise in a number of situations, but the process is relatively simple: an individual receives an email, often (but not exclusively) of a humorous nature, he or she forwards the email to their friends. They do the same, and thus they rapidly spread the email, in potentially worldwide proportion. In this sense, the process is similar to that of an email
chain letter , but typically without the explicit requirement to pass it along that is a common part of the chain letter model. A common commercial application for viral emails is that of theviral advertising campaigns: promotional emails are specifically created so that they follow a viral propagation.Behavior
A 2004 study into viral email behaviors identified a number of reasons as to why people may pass along emails. Most of the emails that were passed along involved humor, although other factors - such as the presence of naked pictures and warnings about crime - were identified as being significant.cite journal | last = Phelps | first = Joseph | coauthors = Lewis , Regina; Mobilio, Lynne; Perry, David; Raman, Niranjan | year = 2004 | title = Viral Marketing or Electronic Word-of-Mouth Advertising: Examining Consumer Responses and Motivations to Pass Along Email | journal = Journal of Advertising Research | volume = 44 | issue = 4 | pages = ] This tends to be replicated in commercial viral emails, where humor is a common theme, and where more "
risque " content is often employed.cite news | last = Gotting | first = Peter | date =April 3 ,2003 | title = It's filthy, funny . . .and not fair dinkum | work =The Sydney Morning Herald ] The same study also examined reasons for "not" passing along emails, and noted that the most common reason was "the sense that the content was old."Commercial implications
In
viral marketing , the aim is to spread awareness about a product offering, service or concept using word-of-mouth behaviors. Unlike spam, which is based on a massive distribution of unsolicited emails, viral emails usesocial networking aspects to ensure their goals of wide propagation. This is one of the strengths of viral email to marketers - while users are quick to delete email from marketers, they are less likely to delete the email if it comes from a person that they know.cite book | last = Lewis | first = Regina | coauthors = Mobilio, Lynne; Phelps, Joseph; Raman, Niranjan (Nick) | chapter = Understanding Pass-Along Emails: Motivations and Behaviors of Viral Consumers | editor = Haugtvedt, Curtis; Machleit, Karen; Yalch, Richard | year = 2005 | title = Online Consumer Psychology: Understanding and Influencing Consumer Behavior | publisher =Routledge | isbn = 0805851550 | pages = p. 64 ]As an example of viral marketing in practice, vouchers may be provided via email to customers, who are then encouraged to forward those emails on to friends and family.cite news | last = Cleland | first = Gary | coauthors = Wallop, Harry | date =
December 3 ,2007 | title = Christmas email vouchers fill nation's inboxes | work =The Daily Telegraph | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1571149/Christmas-email-vouchers-fill-nation%27s-inboxes.html | accessdate = 2008-05-14 ] In 2006,Threshers (a UK-basedoff-licence retail chain) emailed vouchers to staff and suppliers. The emails were then redistributed by recipients, ultimately resulting in many of their branches almost running out of stock when the vouchers were honored by the company. While at the time theThresher Group denied that they were attempting to run a viral email-basedmarketing campaign , the company repeated the exercise the following year.cite news | last = Dransfield | first = Louise | date =November 30 ,2007 | title = Threshers repeats the online discount offer it claimed was a mistake last year | work =The Independent | url = http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/threshers-repeats-the-online-discount-offer-it-claimed-was-a-mistake-last-year-761103.html | accessdate = 2008-05-14 ] Similarly, a campaign for aFerrari test drive garnered over 40,000 responses even though only 5,000 emails had been sent.cite journal | last = Rettie | first = Ruth | year = 2002 | title = Net Generation Culture | journal = Journal of Electronic Commerce Research | volume = 3 | issue = 4 | pages = p. 261 | url = http://www.csulb.edu/journals/jecr/issues/20024/paper5.pdf ]Nevertheless, as Ruth Rettie highlights, viral emails aren't always a boon to marketers - it is just as easy for negative, or even simply erroneous, emails to be spread. Significantly, many viral emails that may appear to be advertisements are, in fact, fake, and run the risk of significantly damaging the brand.
Collections
A number of websites are dedicated to collecting viral emails, often with a particular focus on humorous emails.cite journal | last = Shifman | first = Limor | year = 2007 | title = Humor in the Age of Digital Reproduction: Continuity and Change in Internet-Based Comic Texts | journal = International Journal of Communication | volume = 1 | pages = 187-209 | url = http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/11/34 ] These include Viralbank, which collects both commercial and non-commercial emails,cite news | last = Schofield | first = Jack | date =
March 7 ,2002 | title = Web Watch | work =The Guardian | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2002/mar/07/internetnews.onlinesupplement3 | accessdate = 2008-05-14 ] and Bore Me, which features a section devoted to adult viral emails.cite news | last = Smith | first = David | date =December 12 ,2004 | title = Viral email rocks the world | work =The Observer | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2004/dec/12/theobserver.theobserversuknewspages | accessdate = 2008-05-14 ]References
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