Gustaw Morcinek

Infobox Writer
name = Gustaw Morcinek


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birthname = Augustyn Morcinek
birthdate = Birth date|1891|8|24
birthplace = Karwin, Austria-Hungary
deathdate = death date and age|1963|12|20|1891|8|24
deathplace = Kraków, Poland
occupation = Writer and educator
ethnicity = Polish
citizenship = Austrian, Polish
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notableworks = "Wyrąbany chodnik"
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Gustaw Morcinek (born Augustyn Morcinek) (24 August, 1891 in Karwina, Austria-Hungary - 20 December, 1963 in Kraków, Poland) was a Polish writer, educator and later member of Sejm from 1952 to 1957. He is considered one of the most important writers from Silesia. [Hierowski 1947, 97.]

Biography

In 1891, Morcinek was born in Karwina into a poor family, the youngest of four siblings. In 1892, his father Józef died and his mother was forced to provide for the family. Augustyn started work in the coal mine at the age of 16, which was quite late compared to the standard of those times. When he was 19, miners raised money for his education and he started attending a teachers' seminary in Biała Krakowska, from which he graduated in 1914. In 1914 he was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army and after 1918 served briefly in the Polish Army. In 1920, when Cieszyn Silesia was divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia, his hometown Karwina fell to Czechoslovakia. Morcinek was a pro-Polish activist and thus decided to stay in Poland. In the 1920s and 1930s he worked as a teacher in Skoczów.

Interwar period

During the interwar period, Morcinek published many articles in various Silesian press. He wrote his most important books in the late 1920s and early 1930s becoming the only notable Silesian Polish-language prosaist of the interwar period. His works concentrate mostly on coal mining and Silesian themes. Morcinek shows miners' work and life in a realistic way and accentuates the class character of national oppression of Polish miners. [Hierowski 1947, 81.] Morcinek spent the years 1936-1939 abroad, in Western Europe.

World War II

He returned to Poland shortly before the outbreak of World War II. Morcinek was arrested by the Gestapo on 6 September 1939. He was initially imprisoned with Władysław Dworaczek and the rest of people belonging to the Polish intellectuals from Silesia. Gustaw spent the whole war in the German concentration camps Skrochowitz, [Village of Skrochovice is a part of the Brumovice municipality near Opava, Silesia, Czech Republic. During the war it was a part of Germany.] Sachsenhausen and Dachau. [Hierowski 1947, 193.] The supposed reason given for his arrest was his "anti-German activity" before the war and the fact that a dog in one of his novels ("Wyrąbany chodnik") was called "Bismarck". When he was in concentration camps, he was given a choice to sign a "Volksliste" but refused. [A "Volksliste" was a document introduced by the Nazi authorities; a non-German citizen declared that he had some German ancestry by signing it. Refusal to sign this document could lead to deportation to a concentration camp. Non-German citizens from territories belonging to Nazi Germany were forced to sign it.]

After the war

Since his release until November 1946 Morcinek resided in France, Italy and Belgium and cooperated with Polish emigré press there. [Hierowski 1947, 79-80.] He then returned to Silesia, Poland, and settled in Katowice. He was then actively supported by new authorities. Morcinek resumed his writing and continued to concentrate on Silesian issues but widen his scope to books for children and also epistolography. He received many recognitions and literary awards for his work and many of his books were translated and published abroad. Gustaw Morcinek died of leukemia on 20 December, 1963 in Kraków and was later buried at Communal Cemetery in Cieszyn.

Political activity

Morcinek was politically active from a young age. He was an active advocate of joining whole Cieszyn Silesia to Poland. During the interwar period when he was an anti-German activist, some critics accused him of spreading hatred. After the war, he was a supporter of PZPR (Polish United Workers' Party) and was a member of the Sejm (parliament) from Katowice electoral district (1952-1957).

Works

* "Noc listopadowa" (1920)
* "Byli dwaj bracia" (1930)
* "Serce za tamą" (1929, 1936)
* "Wyrąbany chodnik" (1931/1932)
* "Narodziny serca" (1932)
* "Chleb na kamieniu" (1932)
* "Gwiazdy w studni" (1933)
* "Łysek z pokładu Idy" (1933)
* "Śląsk" (1933)
* "Inżynier Szeruda" (1936)
* "Gołębie na dachu" (1936)
* "Miasteczko nad rzeką" (1938)
* "Maszerować" (1939)
* "Listy spod morwy" (1945)
* "Ludzie są dobrzy" (1946)
* "Wyorane kamienie" (1946)
* "Listy spod morwy" (1946)
* "Listy z mojego Rzymu" (1946)
* "Dziewczyna z Pól Elizejskich" (1946)
* "Uśmiech na drodze" (1948)
* "Pokład Joanny" (1950)
* "Ondraszek" (1953)
* "Jak górnik Bulandra diabła oszukał" (1958)
* "Zabłąkane ptaki"
* "Urodzaj ludzi"
* "Przedziwne śląskie powiarki" (1961)
* "Ziemia cieszyńska"

Footnotes

References

* cite book
last = Heska-Kwaśniewicz
first = Krystyna
coauthors =
title = "Kolorowy rytm życia". Studia o prozie Gustawa Morcinka
publisher = Universitas
date = 1993
location = Kraków
pages =
url =
doi =
isbn = 8370521908

* cite book
last = Heska-Kwaśniewicz
first = Krystyna
coauthors =
title = "Pisarski zakon" : biografia literacka Gustawa Morcinka
publisher = Instytut Śląski
date = 1988
location = Opole
pages =
url =
doi =
oclc = 20057117

* cite book
last = Hierowski
first = Zdzisław
coauthors =
title = 25 lat literatury na Śląsku 1920-1945
publisher = Wydawnictwa Instytutu Śląskiego
date = 1947
location = Katowice - Wrocław
pages =
url =
doi =
oclc = 69489660