Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Joujouka

Infobox Album | Name = Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Jajouka
Type = Album


Artist = Brian Jones and Master Musicians of Joujouka and disputed 1995 CD reissue credited to Master Musicians of Jajouka featuring Bachir Attar


Released = 1971 by Master Musicians of Joujouka; re-released 1995 as Master Musicians of Jajouka featuring Bachir Attar | Recorded = 1968
Genre = World music, trance music
Label = Rolling Stones Records Point Music
Producer = Brian Jones

"Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Joujouka",Album cover (1971). "Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Joujouka". Rolling Stones Records.] was an album produced by Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones. The album was recorded on 29th July 1968 in the musicians' village in Morocco and released on the Rolling Stones' own record label, Rolling Stones Records, Catalogue No COC 49100, and distributed by ATCO, a division of "Atlantic Recording Corporation, Musidor, N.V." in 1971. [Inside cover gatefold (1971). "Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Joujouka". Rolling Stones Records.] It is widely credited with being the first World music LP,Fact|date=February 2007 and was significant for presenting the Moroccan group to a global audience, drawing other musicians "following in Jones' footsteps to Jajouka, including jazz great Ornette Coleman.Anastasia Tsioulcas (September 1 2005). [http://www.globalrhythm.net/WorldMusicFeatures/MagicalMysticalMorocco.cfm "World Music Features: Magical, Mystical Morocco"] . "Global Rhythm". Retrieved January 16 2007.]

The album was a recording of the Moroccan group the Master Musicians of Joujouka, [ [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:yuabqj1bojka~T2 Album credits: "Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Joujouka"1971.] in performance in their village, Jajouka, spelled "Joujouka" on the original album. [Insert sheet essays (1971). "Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Joujouka". Rolling Stones Records, 1–3.] Jones called the tracks "a specially chosen representation" of music played in the village during the annual week-long Rites of Pan Festival. [Jones, Brian (1971). Insert sheet essay. "Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Joujouka". "Rolling Stones Records", at 1.]

Background

Painter/novelist Brion Gysin first heard music from the area with American writer Paul Bowles at a festival in 1950.Tsioulcas, Anastasia. [http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/artist/content.artist/master_musicians_of_jajouka "Master Musicians of Jajouka"] . "National Geographic World Music". Retrieved Jan. 16, 2007.] Gysin, Brion (1971). Insert sheet essay. "Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka". "Rolling Stones Records", at 2.] Entranced with the music's sound, he later was led to the village to hear the music in person by Moroccan painter Mohamed Hamri.Palmer, Robert (October 14 1971). "Jajouka: Up the Mountain". "Rolling Stone", at 42.] [Palmer, Robert (March 23 1989). "Into the Mystic". "Rolling Stone", at 105.] [Davis, Stephen (2001). "Old Gods Almost Dead". Broadway Books, ISBN 0-7679-0312-9, at 197.] Gysin, along with Hamri, [Wyman, Bill, with Coleman, Ray (1990). "Stone Alone". Viking, ISBN 0-670-82894-7, at 494.] brought Brian Jones to hear the village music in 1968.

The album's music included songs meant for the village's "most important religious holiday festival, Aid el Kbir". The festival's ritual of dressing a young boy dressed as "Bou Jeloud, the Goat God" wearing the "skin of a freshly slaughtered goat", involved the child's running to "spread panic through the darkened village" as the musicians played with abandon. Gysin connected the ritual, performed to protect the village's health in the coming year, to the fertility festival of Lupercalia and the "ancient Roman rites of Pan"; he referred to the Bou Jeloud dancer as "Pan" and "the Father of Skins". This name stuck, leading to the reference to Pan in the album's title.

Jones, recording engineer George Chkiantz, and Gysin travelled to the village in 1968, accompanied by Hamri and Jones's girlfriend Suki Potier to record the musicians using a portable Uher recorder.Palmer, Robert (December 19, 1971). "Music for a Moroccan Pan". "The New York Times", at D35.] [Davis, Stephen (2001). "Old Gods Almost Dead". Broadway Books, ISBN 0-7679-0312-9, 249–252.] [Wyman, Bill, with Coleman, Ray (1990). "Stone Alone". Viking, ISBN 0-670-82894-7, at 496–497.] Jones worked on the two-track recordings in London, adding stereo phasing, echo, and other effects. [Davis, Stephen (2001). "Old Gods Almost Dead". Broadway Books, ISBN 0-7679-0312-9, at 253.] Jones edited the full-band selection to 14 minutes by "cross-phasing fragments of a work that runs to some ninety minutes in uncut form".

The album included three types of music: repetitive vocal chants "similar to those employed throughout Islam", flute and drum music featuring "several distinct melodic motifs and improvisations over a drone" played by two flutists and several drummers, and the full village orchestra's drum and horn music played to accompany the "frenzied dance of Bou Jeloud, a Moroccan Pan".

"New York Times" reviewer Robert Palmer reported that the call-and-response horn motifs are "handed down from generation to generation".Palmer, Robert (December 19 1971). "Music for a Moroccan Pan". "The New York Times", at D40.] Palmer, noting the "drumming rhythms are definitely African", paraphrased Gysin as connecting the musical origins to Spain, "from the Moorish courts of Cordova and Seville".

The cover illustration on the 1971 album was originally a painting by Mohamed Hamri [Palmer, Robert (October 14 1971). "Jajouka: Up the Mountain". "Rolling Stone", at 43.] Wyman, Bill, with Coleman, Ray "Stone Alone". Viking, ISBN 0-670-82894-7, at 515.] depicting the master musicians with Brian Jones in the center. Jones edited the album and prepared the art work together with designer, Al Vandenburg. He put one of Hamri's son’s paintings on the inside cover. Jones finished producing the LP several months before his death in 1969. [Wyman, Bill, with Coleman, Ray "Stone Alone". Viking, ISBN 0-670-82894-7, 515, 527–528.]

Jones' ex-girlfriend Anita Pallenberg said that Jones had wanted to incorporate the Jajouka sound into the music of the Rolling Stones.Fact|date=February 2007 In the Jean-Luc Godard movie "Sympathy for the Devil", Rolling Stones drummer Charlie Watts is seen playing a Jajouka drum during a rehearsal.fact|date=February 2007

Controversial re-release

In 1995, a controversial CD reissue of the album was issued. It was licensed from Allen Klein's Musidor by Point Music. A new 1990s photo of Bachir Attar, by his wife and manager American photographer Cherie Nutting, replaced Hamri's original painting of Brian Jones and the Master Musicians of Joujouka which Jones had chosen as his cover. It also included in a side bar a photo of the late Jones by Michael Cooper as well as further contemporary photos of and a "Bou Jeloud" dancer by Nutting. [Liner notes (1995). "Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka". Point Music, 1, 6–10, 13.] [www.Jajouka.net] The CD's album title changed to "Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan At Jajouka" to tie in with Bachir Attar's eponymous group "Master Musicians of Jajouka featuring Bachir Attar". The name Master Musicians of Jajouka was used on the Master Musicians of Joujouka's second album due to contact conflicts. [Palmer, Robert (October 14 1971). "Jajouka: Up the Mountain". "Rolling Stone", at 43.] [Gysin, Brion (1969). "The Process". Doubleday & Company, at 127.] While the original vinyl album consisted of "two untitled, unbroken LP sides", the reissue separated the songs into six tracks with titles. [Unterberger, Richie. [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:1cbyxdfbjolk "Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Jajouka": Review"] Allmusic.com. Retrieved Feb. 7, 2007.] [Album cover (1995). "Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka". Point Music.] . The reissue cut the Master Musicians of Joujouka out of their rights and resulted in international protests at concerts by Bachir Attar in London, New York and San Francisco as well as Philip Glass concerts in London and elsewhere. [* " [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19950721/ai_n13995901 No Stone Unturned] : Bachir Attar and Frank Rynne comment on the controversy surrounding the reissue of "Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Joujouka" in "The Independent" (retrieved 28 March,2007) ] [The Pop Life By NEIL STRAUSS New York Times Published: October 12, 1995] Brion Gysin's original sleeve-notes were altered to remove all reference to the central role that Hamri played in introducing him to the music of the village. [Brion Gysin, The Pipes of Pan, Ed. Ira Cohen. Gnoua, (Tangier , 1964)n.p. reprinted Sleeve notes Brian Jones presents the Pipes of Pan at Joujouka" Rolling Stones Records, 1971 "My own music turned out to be the wild flutes of the hill tribe Ahl Serif, whom I met through the Moroccan painter Hamri" ] A Brion Gysin illustration decorated an essay by Paul Bowles in the liner notes. [Liner notes (1995). "Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka". Point Music, at 11.] The CD's executive producers were Philip Glass, Kurt Munkacsi, and Rory Johnston. [Liner notes (1995). "Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka". Point Music, at 14.] . Brian Jones was credited as producer. The multi-page booklet also included reminiscences and edited essays about the original band written by Brion Gysin, (who died in 1986 and therefore was not consulted), David Silver, Stephen Davis, William Burroughs, Brian Jones, and Bachir Attar. [Liner notes booklet (1995). "Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka". Point Music.]

The original village group, mentored by Hamri from the 1950s until his death in 2000, continued releasing records on Sub Rosa Records, using their original name, Master Musicians of Joujouka as used on the 1971 release and Mohamed Hamri's Tales of Joujouka.

In 1995 they launched an international campaign demanding their interest in their recording with Brian Jones be recognised and that the re-release be withdrawn from sale until their concerns were addressed. A group led by the second youngest son of Hadj Abdesalam Attar still perform under the name "Master Musicians of Jajouka featuring Bachir Attar",Ranaldo, Lee (August 1996). [http://www.thewire.co.uk/archive/essays/ranaldo.html "Into the Mystic"] . "The Wire". Retrieved January 14 2007.] recording with the Rolling Stones on "Steel Wheels" in 1989. [Bowles, Paul (1991). "Days". The Ecco Press. ISBN 0-88001-269-2.] Davis, Stephen (2001). "Old Gods Almost Dead". Broadway Books, ISBN 0-7679-0312-9, 504–505.] Led by Attar's son and self proclaimed successor,Ranaldo, Lee (August 1996). [http://www.thewire.co.uk/archive/essays/ranaldo.html "Into the Mystic"] . "The Wire". Retrieved January 14 2007.] as band leader [La Briola, John (August 30 2001). [http://www.westword.com/Issues/2001-08-30/calendar/nd2.html "Mystic Muses: Musical Shamans Keep the Flame Alive During a Rare Visit to Denver"] . "Denver Westword". Retrieved January 16 2007.] Bachir Attar, also released soundtrack recordings under the Jajouka name and album recordings under the name Master Musicians of Jajouka Featuring Bachir Attar in the 1990s and 2000s. According to Bachir Attar the master musicians of that early group were led by tribal chief Hadj Abdesalam Attar. Rikki Stein who managed the Master Musicians of Joujouka/ Master Musicians of Jajouka noted that in 1971 the leaders of the musicians were Mohamed Attar, known as Berdouz, who led the drummers and Mallim Fedal who led the pipers. This throws doubt on the claim that Hadj Abdelsalm Attar was leader, tribal or otherwise, in the late 1960s or early 1970s. [Rikki Stein with Udo Berger, Brion Gysin and Jerry Baskin, "Hamri Snd Up with our Shadows" in Ed Udo Berger, Soft Need No. 17, Brion Gysin Special, (Paris /Basel, 1977) p.66 ]

Ahmed El Attar is the current leader of the original Master Musicians of Joujouka. ["Boujeloud" notes [Sub Rosa Records] 2006]

Brian Jones 40th Anniversary Festival to commemorate recording Pipes of Pan

The Master Musicians of Joujouka host a festival on 29th July 2008 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of Brian Jones recording, their most famous L.P. Brian Jones presents the Pipes of Pan at Joujouka on 29th July 2008. [www.joujouka.net]

Point Music reissue track listings (original vinyl release package had no titles)

# "55 ("Hamsa oua Hamsine)" –0:58
# "War Song/Standing" + "One Half (Kaim Oua Nos") –2:22
# "Take Me with You Darling, Take Me with You (Dinimaak A Habibi Dinimaak)" –8:06
# "Your Eyes Are Like a Cup of Tea (Al Yunic Sharbouni Ate)" –10:35
# "I Am Calling Out (L'Afta)" –5:55
# "Your Eyes Are Like a Cup of Tea" (reprise with flute) –18:04

Notes

* (UTC) [http://www.brink.com/talk/3821 Article relating to the 40th anniversary of Brian Jones recording the Master Musicians of Joujouka] The Brink (New York, May 2008)

Further reading

* Davis, Stephen (2001). "Old Gods Almost Dead". Broadway Books, ISBN 0-7679-0312-9, pp 135–137, 172, 195–201, 227, 248–253, 270, 354, 504–505.
* Jennings, Nicholas (October 12 1995). [http://www.eye.net/eye/issue/issue_10.12.95/MUSIC/gg1012.php "Liveeye PREVIEW: The Master Musicians of Jajouka"] . "Eye Weekly". (Retrieved February 6 2007.)
* Palmer, Robert (October 14 1971). "Jajouka: Up the Mountain". "Rolling Stone", p. 43.
* Palmer, Robert (March 23 1989). "Into the Mystic". "Rolling Stone", p. 106.
* Palmer, Robert (December 19 1971). "Music for a Moroccan Pan". "The New York Times".
* Palmer, Robert (June 11 1992). "Up the Mountain". "Rolling Stone", p. 40.
* Wyman, Bill and Coleman, Ray "Stone Alone", ISBN 0-670-82894-7 (London, 1990), p. 515
* Rondeau, Daniel "Tanger Et Autres Marocs". ISBN 2841110818 Ed. Nil January 1997

External links

* [http://www.joujouka.net The official site for The Master Musicians of Joujouka includes details of Brian Jones 40th Anniversary Festival]
* [http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/features/2008/0722/1216627308850.html Feature article "A Rolling Stone's Moroccan Odyssey" Frank Rynne writes on Brian Jones' introduction to the Master Musicians of Joujouka by Hamri, Brion Gysin and recording in Morocco, Irish Times, 22 July 2008]
* [http://chardman.sauceruney.com/music/shows/7.05.08/OW_Joujouka.mp3 Link to radio show commemorating Brian Jones recording in Joujouka includes readings, an interview with Frank Rynne on KBoo FM Portland, Oregon, 5 July 2008 on Brian Jones, Joujouka music and history, Sufism, William Burroughs, Mohamed Hamri and Brion Gysin and BBC radio 4 documentary.]
* [http://www.rte.ie/arts/2008/0707/drivetimewithdave.html Links to Frank Rynne interviewed about Brian Jones recording in Joujouka, and 40th Anniversary Festival in the village to mark Jones' recording there on Dave Fanning Drivetime, RTE Radio 1, 7 July 2008]
* [http://www.jajouka.com The official site for The Master Musicians of Jajouka featuring Bachir Attar]
* " [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19950721/ai_n13995901 No Stone Unturned] : Bachir Attar and Frank Rynne comment on the controversy surrounding the reissue of "Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Joujouka" in "The Independent" (retrieved 28 March 2007)
* [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:3n2tk6sx9krf Allmusic.com listing]