Rikissa Birgersdotter

Rikissa Birgersdotter of Sweden, also known as "Rixa", "Richeza", "Richilda" and "Regitze", (b. c. 1237-d. after 1288), was a Queen of Norway, wife of the co-king Haakon Haakonson, and then Princess of Werle, as wife of Henry of Mecklenburg, Prince of Werle.

Biography

Rikissa Birgersdotter was born as one of the eldest children in the marriage of lord Birger Magnusson of Bjelbo, later riksjarl and regent of Sweden, and Princess Ingeborg Eriksdotter of Sweden, eldest sibbling of king Eric XI of Sweden.

Rikissa's parentage is historically well attested, contrary to that of her supposed younger sisters. Rikissa received her name in honor of her maternal grandmother, the late Rikissa of Denmark, queen of Sweden - the Scandinavian custom was to give names of deceased grandmothers to daughters of a family, and a first-born daughter was usually christened as namesake of maternal grandmother, if she was no longer alive.

In 1250, her uncle, king Eric, died without heirs and her brother, the underaged Valdemar I of Sweden became king through his mother, and her father jarl Birger became regent of Sweden. Jarl Birger's policy included efforts to keep the peace between Scandinavia's three kingdoms.

In 1251, Rikissa was married was married to the heir of Norway, Haakon Haakonson (1232-1257), titular king of Norway and co-ruler along his father king Haakon IV of Norway. Haakon and Rikissa had one son, Sverre, who died young (1252-1261). King Haakon died within half a decade before his father, leaving his younger brother, the future Magnus VI of Norway as Norway's heir.

In 1262, the Dowager Queen of Norway was married to Henry of Mecklenburg, Prince of Werle, (d.1291). She had several children in her second marriage.

Speculations

"Chronica principum Saxonie" mentions Rikissa as Daughter of King of Sweden ("filia regis Suecie"), which title has caused consternation among later researchers. This has been explained by suggesting that:
* during king Valdemar's minority, the all-powerful regent looked like a king to the writer of that chronicle
* Rikissa was the granddaughter of aking Eric X of Sweden
* upon Valdemar's accession to the royal throne, their mother Ingeborg, through whose lineage the crown was generally perceived to have come, was regarded as Queen Mother, despite never having been queen regnant or queen consort.
* the term in the chronicle just refers to "Royal Family of Sweden".

References

* Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, sida 476
* cite book
author =Lars O. Lagerqvist
title = "Sverige och dess regenter under 1.000 år",("Sweden and it's regents under a 1000 years").
publisher = Albert Bonniers Förlag AB
id = ISBN 91-0-075007-7
date = 1982
language = Swedish