- HMS Campania (1914)
HMS "Campania" was a
seaplane tender andaircraft carrier , the firstRoyal Navy vessel to launch aircraft whilst underway.Originally built as a passenger liner for
Cunard Line 's Liverpool-New York service in 1893, RMS "Campania" was holder of theBlue Riband from 1893 to 1894, losing it to her sister ship "Lucania". In 1914, she was sold to the shipbreakers TW Ward.Rather than be broken up, "Campania" was purchased by the
Royal Navy on27 November 1914 and converted to an aircraft carrier, renamed HMS "Campania". The fore funnel was removed in a 1916 refit and replaced by two smaller smoke pipes. A 160-foot wooden flight deck was added at the bow, making her more suitable for launchingSopwith Pup fighters, the original configuration of a short wooden flight deck forward of the fore funnel having caused problems during take-off. Like many warships of the time, she was painted indazzle camouflage .For the majority of the war, "Campania" worked out of
Scapa Flow , however, in the autumn of 1918 she transferred operations to the Forth. She missed theBattle of Jutland because of engine trouble, after sortieing too late.On the morning of
November 5 1918 , "Campania" was lying at anchor offBurntisland in theFirth of Forth . A sudden Force 10 squall caused the ship to drag anchor. She collided first with the bow of the nearby battleship HMS "Royal Oak", and then scraped along the side of the battlecruiser HMS "Glorious". "Campania’s" hull was breached by the initial collision with "Royal Oak", flooding her engine room and losing all main electrical power. The ship then started to settle by the stern, sinking some five hours after breaking free. The ship's crew were all rescued by neighbouring vessels. A Naval Board of Enquiry into the incident held "Campania’s" watch officer largely responsible for her loss, citing specifically the failure to drop a second anchor once the ship started to drift.The wreck of HMS "Campania" was designated in 2001 under the
Protection of Wrecks Act 1973 as a site of historic importance, making it an offence to dive it without a licence.References
*"Conways All the Worlds Fighting Ships 1906-1921", Conway Maritime Press, London, 1985. ISBN 0-85177-245-5
*citation| last = Admiralty |title = ADM156/90: Board of Enquiry into sinking of HMS Campania | publisher = HM Stationery Office | date= 1918
*cite web |title=Scottish Statutory Instrument 2001 No. 384 | work=Office of Public Sector Information | url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/legislation/scotland/ssi2001/20010384.htm | accessdate = 2006-10-19External links
* [http://www.divebunker.co.uk/dive_site_pages/hms_campania.htm DiveBunker: Dive sites]
* [http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/sea_plane_carriers.htm#HMS%20Campania Battleships-Cruisers.co.uk]
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.