XXI Corps (United States)

Infobox Military Unit
unit_name=XXI Corps


caption=XXI Corps shoulder sleeve insignia
dates=6 Dec 1943 - 30 Sep 1945
country=United States
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branch=Regular Army
type=Army Corps
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battles=World War II
notable_commanders=Frank W. Milburn
anniversaries=Initially constituted on December 2, 1943 in the Army of the United States, the XXI Corps was activated on December 6, 1943 at Camp Polk, Louisiana. XXI Corps fought for 116 days in the European Theater of Operations, fighting from Alsace through southern Germany and into Austria. The corps was commanded in combat by Major General Frank W. Milburn as a subordinate unit of the Seventh U.S. Army.

Eastern France

The corps commenced combat operations in mid-January 1945 during pitched battle by the U.S. Seventh Army to regain ground lost to Germany's Operation Nordwind New Year's offensive into Alsace. From January 25 until February 16, 1945, XXI Corps was attached to the French First Army and took part in bitter winter combat that ultimately collapsed the Colmar Pocket. After a period of rest, the corps returned to the front on February 28, 1945 and pushed to the edge of the Siegfried Line during the first week of March, 1945.

Germany and Austria

On March 20, 1945, after five days of combat, the corps broke through the Siegfried Line and captured Saarbrücken. Crossing the Rhine behind the U.S. XV Corps, the XXI Corps captured Würzburg on April 5, 1945, after a three day battle marked by an assault across the Main River. Facing determined opposition, the corps fought its way into Schweinfurt on April 12, 1945, after five days of battle. Assaulting Fuerth on April 18, 1945, the corps seized Ansbach the following day and began a drive on the Danube River, over which the corps seized an intact bridge at Dillingen on April 22, 1945. On April 28, 1945, Augsburg fell to the XXI Corps, and on May 1, 1945, the corps seized Bad Tölz and captured German Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt. On May 3, 1945, the corps entered Austria, and advanced along the Inn River until German forces in the area unconditionally surrendered on May 6, 1945.

Campaign Credits and Inactivation

XXI Corps is credited with service in the Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, and Central Europe campaigns. XXI Corps Headquarters was inactivated in Germany on September 30, 1945. Subsequent to the Second World War, the corps was active from September 1957 until June 1970. The post-Second World War activation and inactivation occurred at Indiantown Gap Military Reservation, Pennsylvania.

References

* Williams, Mary H., compiler (1958). "U. S. Army in World War II, Chronology 1941-1945". Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office.
* Wilson, John B., compiler (1999). "Armies, Corps, Divisions, and Separate Brigades". Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-16-049994-1.