Sweeper

Sweeper

Taxobox
name = Sweepers


image_width = 200px
image_caption = Glassy Sweepers
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Actinopterygii
ordo = Perciformes
familia = Pempheridae
subdivision_ranks = Genera
subdivision = "Parapriacanthus" "Pempheris" See text for species.

Sweepers are small, tropical marine (occasionally brackish) perciform fish of the family Pempheridae. Found in the western Atlantic Ocean and Indo-Pacific region, the family contains approximately 26 species in two genera. One species ("Pempheris xanthoptera ") is the target of subsistence fisheries in Japan, where the fish is much enjoyed for its taste. Sweepers are occasionally kept in the marine aquarium.

Physical description

Deeply keeled, compressed bodies and large eyes typify sweepers, their form somewhat like hatchetfish; both cycloid and ctenoid scales may be present. The small, short dorsal fin begins before the body's midpoint and may have 4-7 spines; the anal fin is extensive and usually has 3 spines. The mouth is subterminal and strongly oblique. Species of the genus "Parapriacanthus" have much more cylindrical bodies.

Some species possess photophores. All but the curved sweeper ("Pempheris poeyi") possess a gas bladder. The largest species is the common bullseye ("Pempheris multiradiata") at 28 centimetres in length; most other species measure 16 centimetres or less. Coloration is relatively subdued.

Behaviour

Characteristically shallow water, schooling fish (especially as juveniles), sweepers are nocturnal and seek shelter under ledges or in the caves, nooks and crannies of reefs or eroded, rocky shorelines during the day. They are often found sharing these hiding places with cardinalfishes and bigeyes, fellow nightowls. At night, sweepers forage for zooplankton, their primary food items.

At least one species, the small-scale bullseye ("Pempheris compressa") of Australia, is known to enter coastal estuaries whilst young.

Species

There are 26 species in two genera:
* Genus "Parapriacanthus"
** "Parapriacanthus dispar" (Herre, 1935).
** Slender bullseye, "Parapriacanthus elongatus" (McCulloch, 1911).
** "Parapriacanthus marei" Fourmanoir, 1971.
** Pigmy sweeper, "Parapriacanthus ransonneti" Steindachner, 1870.
* Genus "Pempheris"
** New Zealand bigeye, "Pempheris adspersa" Griffin, 1927.
** Dusky sweeper, "Pempheris adusta" Bleeker, 1877.
** Black-tipped bullseye, "Pempheris affinis" McCulloch, 1911.
** Bronze sweeper, "Pempheris analis" Waite, 1910.
** Small-scale bullseye, "Pempheris compressa" (White, 1790).
** "Pempheris japonica" Döderlein, 1883.
** Klunzinger's bullseye, "Pempheris klunzingeri" McCulloch, 1911.
** Black-edged sweeper, "Pempheris mangula" Cuvier, 1829.
** "Pempheris molucca" Cuvier, 1829.
** Common bullseye, "Pempheris multiradiata" Klunzinger, 1880.
** "Pempheris nyctereutes" Jordan & Evermann, 1902.
** "Pempheris ornata" Mooi & Jubb, 1996.
** "Pempheris otaitensis" Cuvier, 1831.
** Silver sweeper, "Pempheris oualensis" Cuvier, 1831.
** Curved sweeper, "Pempheris poeyi" Bean, 1885.
** "Pempheris rapa" Mooi, 1998.
** Glassy sweeper, "Pempheris schomburgkii" Müller & Troschel, 1848.
** "Pempheris schreineri" Miranda-Ribeiro, 1915.
** Black-stripe sweeper, "Pempheris schwenkii" Bleeker, 1855.
** Vanikoro sweeper, "Pempheris vanicolensis" Cuvier, 1831.
** "Pempheris xanthoptera" Tominaga, 1963.
** "Pempheris ypsilychnus" Mooi & Jubb, 1996.

References

*FishBase family|family=Pempheridae|year=2005|month=November


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Sweeper — ist eine Spielerposition im Fußball. Nach der originalen Übersetzung ist mit Sweeper die Position des Liberos gemeint. Im englischen Fußball wird der Sweeper aber eigentlich als „Ausputzer“ hinter der Abwehr definiert[1], der keinerlei Aufgaben… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Sweeper — Sweep er, n. One who, or that which, sweeps, or cleans by sweeping; a sweep; as, a carpet sweeper. [1913 Webster] It is oxygen which is the great sweeper of the economy. Huxley. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • sweeper — [swē′pər] n. 1. a person who sweeps 2. a) a device for sweeping ☆ b) short for CARPET SWEEPER 3. Soccer a defensive back who plays in front of the goalkeeper …   English World dictionary

  • sweeper — A clerk who removes the mail from the bins or stackers on mechanical and automated mail processing equipment and then places it in the equipment for dispatch …   Glossary of postal terms

  • sweeper — ► NOUN 1) a person or device that cleans by sweeping. 2) Soccer a player stationed behind the other defenders, free to defend at any point across the field …   English terms dictionary

  • sweeper — UK [ˈswiːpə(r)] / US [ˈswɪpər] noun [countable] Word forms sweeper : singular sweeper plural sweepers 1) a player in a football team who plays behind the players in defence 2) a person or machine that sweeps a place clean, especially a street I… …   English dictionary

  • sweeper — /swee peuhr/, n. 1. a person or thing that sweeps. 2. See carpet sweeper. 3. a janitor. 4. any of several fishes of the family Pempherididae, of tropical and warm, temperate seas, having an oblong, compressed body. [1400 50; late ME; see SWEEP1,… …   Universalium

  • sweeper — noun Sweeper is used after these nouns: ↑carpet, ↑road, ↑street …   Collocations dictionary

  • sweeper — sweep|er [ˈswi:pə US ər] n 1.) someone or something that sweeps ▪ a road sweeper 2.) BrE a football player who plays in a position behind other defending players …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • sweeper — sweep|er [ swipər ] noun count 1. ) a player on a soccer team who plays behind the players in defense 2. ) a person or machine that sweeps a place clean, especially a street: I eventually got a job as a road sweeper …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”