Sweeper

Sweeper

Taxobox
name = Sweepers


image_width = 200px
image_caption = Glassy Sweepers
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Actinopterygii
ordo = Perciformes
familia = Pempheridae
subdivision_ranks = Genera
subdivision = "Parapriacanthus" "Pempheris" See text for species.

Sweepers are small, tropical marine (occasionally brackish) perciform fish of the family Pempheridae. Found in the western Atlantic Ocean and Indo-Pacific region, the family contains approximately 26 species in two genera. One species ("Pempheris xanthoptera ") is the target of subsistence fisheries in Japan, where the fish is much enjoyed for its taste. Sweepers are occasionally kept in the marine aquarium.

Physical description

Deeply keeled, compressed bodies and large eyes typify sweepers, their form somewhat like hatchetfish; both cycloid and ctenoid scales may be present. The small, short dorsal fin begins before the body's midpoint and may have 4-7 spines; the anal fin is extensive and usually has 3 spines. The mouth is subterminal and strongly oblique. Species of the genus "Parapriacanthus" have much more cylindrical bodies.

Some species possess photophores. All but the curved sweeper ("Pempheris poeyi") possess a gas bladder. The largest species is the common bullseye ("Pempheris multiradiata") at 28 centimetres in length; most other species measure 16 centimetres or less. Coloration is relatively subdued.

Behaviour

Characteristically shallow water, schooling fish (especially as juveniles), sweepers are nocturnal and seek shelter under ledges or in the caves, nooks and crannies of reefs or eroded, rocky shorelines during the day. They are often found sharing these hiding places with cardinalfishes and bigeyes, fellow nightowls. At night, sweepers forage for zooplankton, their primary food items.

At least one species, the small-scale bullseye ("Pempheris compressa") of Australia, is known to enter coastal estuaries whilst young.

Species

There are 26 species in two genera:
* Genus "Parapriacanthus"
** "Parapriacanthus dispar" (Herre, 1935).
** Slender bullseye, "Parapriacanthus elongatus" (McCulloch, 1911).
** "Parapriacanthus marei" Fourmanoir, 1971.
** Pigmy sweeper, "Parapriacanthus ransonneti" Steindachner, 1870.
* Genus "Pempheris"
** New Zealand bigeye, "Pempheris adspersa" Griffin, 1927.
** Dusky sweeper, "Pempheris adusta" Bleeker, 1877.
** Black-tipped bullseye, "Pempheris affinis" McCulloch, 1911.
** Bronze sweeper, "Pempheris analis" Waite, 1910.
** Small-scale bullseye, "Pempheris compressa" (White, 1790).
** "Pempheris japonica" Döderlein, 1883.
** Klunzinger's bullseye, "Pempheris klunzingeri" McCulloch, 1911.
** Black-edged sweeper, "Pempheris mangula" Cuvier, 1829.
** "Pempheris molucca" Cuvier, 1829.
** Common bullseye, "Pempheris multiradiata" Klunzinger, 1880.
** "Pempheris nyctereutes" Jordan & Evermann, 1902.
** "Pempheris ornata" Mooi & Jubb, 1996.
** "Pempheris otaitensis" Cuvier, 1831.
** Silver sweeper, "Pempheris oualensis" Cuvier, 1831.
** Curved sweeper, "Pempheris poeyi" Bean, 1885.
** "Pempheris rapa" Mooi, 1998.
** Glassy sweeper, "Pempheris schomburgkii" Müller & Troschel, 1848.
** "Pempheris schreineri" Miranda-Ribeiro, 1915.
** Black-stripe sweeper, "Pempheris schwenkii" Bleeker, 1855.
** Vanikoro sweeper, "Pempheris vanicolensis" Cuvier, 1831.
** "Pempheris xanthoptera" Tominaga, 1963.
** "Pempheris ypsilychnus" Mooi & Jubb, 1996.

References

*FishBase family|family=Pempheridae|year=2005|month=November


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