Enrico Forlanini

Enrico Forlanini (December 13 1848 - October 9 1930) was an Italian engineer, inventor and aeronautical pioneer, well known for his works on helicopters, aircraft, hydrofoils and dirigibles. He was born in Milan. His older brother Carlo Forlanini was a famous Italian physician (1847-1918).

Early life

Enrico was born to Francesco Forlanini, a notable physician and director of the "Ospedale Fatebenefratelli" in Milan. After elementary school he attended one of the three Milan "Regie Scuole Tecniche", in 1863 he entered the military college of Turin, to pass to its military academy in 1866. Two years later he passed to the "Scuola di Applicazione Artiglieria e Genio" where he graduated with a diploma in 1870.

Helicopter model

In 1877 he developed an early helicopter powered by a steam engine. It was the first ofits type that rose to a height of 13 meters, where it remained for some 20 seconds, after a vertical take-off from a park in Milan.Ligugnana, Sandro] [ [http://www.imss.fi.it/milleanni/cronologia/biografie/forlanie.html Biografie - Enrico Forlanini] ]

Industry

Airships

Later he designed and built a series of dirigibles, notably, designed in 1901 and launched in 1909, the "Leonardo da Vinci" that he dedicated to the famous Renaissance inventor and, in 1912, the "Città di Milano", dedicated to his beloved home town. The latter showed exceptionally good characteristics of stability and controllability that won Forlanini international renown.New York Times 1918] A further four airships were constructed: F3, F4, F5 and F6. A seventh, named "Omnia Dir" was only completed after his death and never flew.

Hydrofoils

He is also known for his hydrofoils that he started modelling since 1898. One of those, built at full scale, used a ladder system of foils and a 60 hp engine driving two counter-rotating air props.During testing on Lake Maggiore in 1906, this craft reached a top speed of 68 km/h (42.5 mph). He also tested a hydrofoil with a 25 horsepower steam engine but this only achieved around convert|50|km/h|mph in 1908-1909.Brozzola]

Legacy

Forlanini obtained a number of British and American patents on his ideas and designs, most of which were aimed at seaplane applications. [International Hydrofoil Society. [http://www.foils.org/gallery/forlani.htm Forlanini] , last accessed 2008-06-30 ]

He died in 1930 while still working on the design of the "Omnia Dir" airship.

Milan has dedicated to him its city airport, also named Linate Airport, as well as the nearby park.

Notes

References

*Diego Brozzola. 1999. [http://www.aerei-italiani.net/Forlanini.htm Aerei Italiani - "Il mio Idroplano" dell'Ing Enrico Forlanini] (Italian) last accessed 2008-06-30
*Gian Luca Lapini. 2004. [http://www.storiadimilano.it/Personaggi/Milanesi%20illustri/forlanini/forlanini.htm Storia di Milano ::: Enrico Forlanini] (Italian) last accessed 2008-06-30
*Sandro Ligugnana - Alessandro Ligugnana [http://www.officineleonardo.com/storia/uk/index-uk.html THE HISTORY - Enrico Formanini and the Officine Leonardo da Vinci]
*The New York Times Magazine. 1918-01-13 Page SM3. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A0DE3DA163AE532A25750C1A9679C946996D6CF New Italian Airship Better Than Zeppelin] , last accessed 2008-06-30 ( [http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9A0DE3DA163AE532A25750C1A9679C946996D6CF full article] )