List of descendants of the House of Este

The House of Este was a family of Italian nobility, who held the title Duke of Modena. They are the ancestors of many royal houses.

British royalty

All British monarchs since George I of the United Kingdom have been descended from the House of Este. George's father, Ernst August, Elector of Hanover, was a member of the house of Welf, who are descended from the House of Este.

Also, the Jacobite "pretenders" James Francis Edward Stuart, Charles Edward Stuart and Henry Benedict Stuart were descended from the House of Este. This was due to the mother of James Francis Edward, a Modenese princess, Mary Beatrice d'Este.

The following British consorts are also descendants of the House of Este-

Queen Mary Beatrice (Mary Beatrice d'Este) (1658- 1718), the wife of James II of England, who was also James VII of Scotland (reigned 1685- 1688).

Queen Caroline (Caroline of Brunswick) (1768- 1820), the wife of George IV of the United Kingdom(reigned 1820- 1830), as her mother was the sister of George III of the United Kingdom.

Queen Alexandra (Alexandra of Denmark) (1844- 1925), the wife of Edward VII of the United Kingdom (reigned 1901- 1910), as her mother's family, the German princely house of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), were descendants of George II of the United Kingdom.

Queen Mary (Mary of Teck) (1867- 1953), the wife of George V of the United Kingdom (reigned 1910- 1936, was the great- grand- daughter of George III.

Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (b. 1921), the husband of the reigning queen, Elizabeth II (reigning since 1952) is a descendant of Queen Victoria's. Also, his grandfather was the brother of Queen Alexandra.

Other

As descendants of Queen Victoria, the royal families of Norway, Sweden, Spain (through the paternal grandmothers of the reigning kings), and Denmark (through the present queen's mother).