Brummbär

Infobox Weapon
name=Sturmpanzer IV


caption=Sturmpanzer IV, displayed at the Musée des Blindés, Saumur, France.
origin=Nazi Germany
type=Assault gun
is_vehicle=yes
length=5.93 m (19.45 ft)
width=2.88 m (9.44 ft)
height=2.52 m (8.26 ft)
weight=28.2 tonnes (62,170 lbs)
suspension=two-wheel leaf-spring bogies
speed=40 km/h (25 mph) road
24 km/h (15 mph) off-road
vehicle_range=210 km (130 mi) road
primary_armament=15 cm StuH43 L/12
secondary_armament= 1 x MG34,
armour= 100 mm (3.93 in) front
engine=Maybach HL 120 TRM, liquid-cooled gasoline
engine_power=300 PS (296 hp, 220 kW)
pw_ratio=10.64 PS/tonne
crew=5 (driver, commander,
gunner , 2× loader)

The Sturmpanzer IV (also known as "Sturmpanzer 43" or "Sd.Kfz. 166") was an armoured infantry support gun based on the Panzer IV chassis used in the Second World War. It was known by the nickname "Brummbär" ("grizzly bear") by Allied intelligenceFact|date=September 2007, a name which was not used by the GermansFact|date=September 2007. German soldiers nicknamed it the "Stupa", possibly a contraction of the term Sturmpanzer.

Development

The Sturmpanzer IV was a development of the Panzer IV tank and designed to provide direct infantry fire support, especially in urban areas. Earlier vehicles like the StuG III were not completely adequate for this role and therefore it was decided in early 1942 to develop a new vehicle.

The result was the Sturmpanzer IV, which used a Panzer IV chassis with a new, fixed superstructure housing the 150 mm Sturmhaubitze (StuH) 43 L/12 gun. This fired both high explosive and shaped charge anti-tank rounds. Thirty eight rounds, with separate propellent cartridges, could be carried.

The original design of the Sturmpanzer IV suffered from a series of flaws, which were gradually solved during the production process. The most important flaw was the high weight and recoil of the StuH 43 gun, which overloaded the Panzer IV chassis and made the entire vehicle top-heavy. Furthermore, early vehicles suffered from transmission failures and were underpowered.

Another significant flaw was the absence of a machine gun which made it easy for enemy infantry to attack the vehicle at close range. Early vehicles carried a MP 40 sub-machine gun inside, which could be fired through firing ports in the side of the superstructure.

In October 1943 it was decided that the Sturmpanzer IV's superstructure as well as the StuH 43 gun needed to be redesigned to fix these flaws. A new and lighter version of the StuH 43 gun was produced, the StuH 43/1 L/12. This gun was used from the second production series onwards.

A new superstructure was added in mid-1944 which featured a redesigned gun collar, as well as a general reduction in height of the superstructure. This redesign also introduced a ball mount in the front superstructure for a MG34 machine gun with 600 rounds.

Production

Production began in May 1943 and continued until March 1945. A total of 298 Sturmpanzer IV were built, in four series. At first, new Panzer IV chassis were used, but from the second production series onwards, rebuilt Panzer IV Ausf. F, Ausf. G and Ausf. H were used.

Combat history

They saw action in the Eastern Front, most notably the great tank battle of Kursk, the Western Front, and Italy during their time in service.

After some teething trouble with early production models, the Sturmpanzer IV proved itself to be an excellent fire support vehicle.

urviving vehicles

Four Sturmpanzer IVs survive. They may be seen at the Musée des Blindés in Saumur, France, the Deutsches Panzermuseum in Germany, the Kubinka Tank Museum near Moscow and the United States Army Ordnance Museum near Aberdeen, Maryland.

External links

* [http://www.sturmpanzer.com/ Sturmpanzer.com] - Website devoted to the Sturmpanzer.
* [http://home.att.net/~w.tomtschik/WW2OBindex.html A German Soldier's Memory] - A Sturmpanzer crewman's recollections.
* [http://www.panzerworld.net/sturmpanzer.html Information about the Sturmpanzer at Panzerworld]
* [http://www.achtungpanzer.com/brum.htm Achtung Panzer!]
* [http://www.geocities.com/pentagon/2833/heer/selfpropelledgun/brummbaer/brummbaer.html Sturmpanzer IV Brummbär]
* [http://www.onwar.com/tanks/germany/tfbrummbar.htm OnWar: Brummbär statistics]
* [http://www.wwiivehicles.com/germany/self-propelled/brummbar.asp WWII Vehicles: Sturmpanzer IV Brummbär]
* [http://the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Panzer_IV_variants.pdf Surviving Panzer IV variants] - A PDF file presenting the Panzer IV variants (Jagdpanzer IV, Hummel, Nashorn, Brummbär, StuG IV, Flakpanzer tanks and prototypes based on Pz IV) still existing in the world