Ethelbert Blatter

Ethelbert Blatter, SJ (15 December 1877–26 May 1934) was a Swiss Jesuit priest and pioneering botanist in British India. Author of five books and over sixty papers on the flora of the Indian subcontinent, he was Principal and Professor of Botany at St Xavier College, Bombay and Vice-President of the Bombay Natural History Society. In 1932, he became the first recipient of the Johannes Bruehl Memorial Medal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.McCann, C. 1934. "Ethelbert Blatter, S.J." "Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society," xxxvii(2):465-473.]

Early life

Blatter was born in the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden in northeastern Switzerland in a region near Mount Säntis. Having lost his father at an early age, he was raised by an uncle, a popular doctor in the municipality of Rebstein in the neighboring Canton of St. Gallen. The young Blatter lived in his uncle's home, a castle overlooking Rebstein in the Rhine valley, just before the river reaches Lake Constance (Bodensee). After finishing elementary education in Rebstein, Blatter attended middle school in Sarnen, the capital of the Canton of Obwalden, in Central Switzerland. His classmates at Sarnen remembered him as not only brilliant in every subject, but also high-spirited, and with a reputation for pranks. After Sarnen, Blatter went on to have a brilliant career in high school in Schwyz, capital of the Canton of Schwyz, northeast of Obswalden. In October 1896, after finishing high school, Blatter moved to the border town of Feldkirch, Austria to join the Noviciate of the German Province of the Society of Jesus. Since German Jesuits were in exile under Bismarck, Blatter moved to Holland in 1898 to first pursue classical studies and then study philosophy in the college of Valkenburg aan de Geul in the southernmost province of Limburg. Around this time, he also developed an interest in botany and attended many scientific conferences in Europe.

India I

In 1903, Blatter moved to India and was appointed Professor of Botany at St Xavier's College Bombay. Soon after arrival, in early 1904, he joined the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) and began to contribute articles. His first article was "The Fauna and Flora of Our Metallic Money." [Blatter, E. 1905. "The Fauna and Flora of our Metallic Money". "Journal Bombay Natural Hist. Soc." xvi:334-339.] In addition, Blatter traveled extensively in India. His most important contributions from this time were a series of articles written between 1904 and 1909 (although published later) and titled, "The Palms of British India and Ceylon, Indigenous and Introduced". The articles were subsequently published in book form by Oxford University Press. [Blatter, E. 1926. "The Palms of British India and Ceylon". Oxford University Press. pp. xxviii, 600, 106 plates.]

Theological Studies in Europe

In 1909, Blatter returned to Europe to complete his theological studies. He studied in Hastings in South East England, where exiled Jesuits from two French provinces had opened a school of theology. During this time, Blatter also spent much time researching and compiling his papers, "Flora of Aden", [Blatter, E. 1907, 1908. "The Flora of Aden." "Journ. Bombay Natural Hist. Soc.", xvii:895-920, xviii:54-68.] at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew. Ordained as a priest on 25 August 1912, Blatter spent another year in Holland, after which he returned to London to compile his next effort, "Flora Arabica". [Blatter, E. 1919-1923. "Flora Arabica." "Rec. Bot. Surv. India", viii:1-450.] Still in London when Great War broke out, Blatter booked his passage to India on a Japanese boat. Despite facing rifle fire from Turkish soldiers in the Suez Canal, their journey was mostly uneventful, and they arrived in Bombay in October 1915.

India II

Blatter returned to his position as professor of botany at St Xavier's. During the next few years, he spent enormous energy both traveling and building an extensive botanical collection; consequently, St. Xavier's College had one of the best herbaria in Western India during those years. He was appointed principal of the college in 1919; however, he retained his professorial chair until 1924. He also became a prominent member of Bombay University Senate, and played a major role in influencing later university reforms.

In 1925 Blatter retired to Panchgani as parish priest, and began to focus more on his botanical studies. His series of papers with W.S. Millard titled, "Some Beautiful Indian Trees" were published around this time. These papers too resulted in a book of the same name, a classic, still in print. [ Blatter, E. and Walter S. Millard. 1937, 1997. "Some Beautiful Indian Trees." Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press. 165 pages with 31 colour plates. ISBN 019562162X. ] Other books pertaining to India from this time were the two-volume "Beautiful Flowers of Kashmir" (1927, 1928); [Blatter, Ethelbert. 1927, 1928. "Beautiful Flowers of Kashmir". John Bale Sons & Danielsson, Ltd. London. vol. i pp. xv, 198, 33 coloured plates. vol. ii pp. xv, 204, 31 coloured plates.] "The Flora of the Indus Delta" (with C. McGann and T. S. Sabnis, 1929); [Blatter, E., F. Hallberg, and C. McCann. 1929. "The Flora of the Indus Delta". Methodist Publishing House, Madras. pp 173, 37 plates.] and "The Ferns of Bombay" (with J. F. D'Almeida, 1932). [Blatter, E. and J. F. D'Almeida. 1932. "The Ferns of Bombay." D. B. Taraporevala Sons & Co., Bombay. pp. vii, 228, 15 plates.] The following year he was elected Vice-President of BNHS. In 1930, on an expedition to Waziristan, a political agency in the North-West Frontier Province of British India, "Waziristan, North" and "Waziristan, South." 1908. In "Imperial Gazetteer of India", vol 24, pp. 379-384.] Blatter had a bad fall from a horse, and the resulting injuries brought on a partial paralysis. From that point onwards, his health began to fail. In 1932. in recognition of his botanical work, Fr. Blatter received the first Johannes Bruehl Memorial Medal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal for "Conspicuous Important contributions to the knowledge of Asiatic Botany."

Fr. Ethelbert Blatter died on 26 May 1934 at St. Vincent's High School, Pune.

Notes

ee also

* Bombay Natural History Society
* Walter Samuel Millard
* Blatter Herbarium

External links

* [http://www.archive.org/details/fernsofbombay00blatiala The Ferns of Bombay (scanned book)]