Aicard

Aicard

Aicard of Marseilles (c. 1040 – 1113) was the Archbishop of Arles from 1070 to 1080 and again from 1107 to his death.

He was the son of Jaufre I, Viscount of Marseilles, and Rixendis of Millau. The vicecomital family of Marseilles were vassals of the Count of Provence and allies of the House of Baux. The family had many possessions in and around Arles and offended many local families, like the Porcelet.

At the death of Archbishop Raimbaud in 1069, and following negotiations between the petty nobility and the counts, the see of Arles fell to Aicard, sometime between 1069 and 1073, probably in 1070. In his first years of government, Aicard continued the policies of his predecessor: alliance with the counts and the Baux.

The elevation of Aicard, however, did not please Count Bertrand II of Provence. Bernard felt threatened by the rising power of the house of Marseilles and by the exercise of archiepiscopal power over the abbey of Montmajour, which the counts had "de facto" appropriated as part of their demesne, to act as a dynastic necropolis. In the wider politico-ecclesiastical context of the time, in which Pope and Emperor fought the Investiture Controversy for power over the dioceses of the Church, Aicard was a partisan of emperor against pope and the count, being a vassal of the emperor, was a natural ally of the pope. However that may have been, it is unlikely that the Controversy played a great role in the particular events which led to Aicard's expulsion from office.

Prompted by Bertrand, on 1 March 1079, Pope Gregory VII wrote to the people and clergy of Arles asking them to choose a new, "suitable" bishop. However, the people, the clergy, the Baux, the Porcelet, and Count Raymond of Saint-Gilles supported the archbishop. The city declared against the papal demand at the Council of Avignon in 1080 and refused entry to Ghibbelin of Sabran, the new papal appointee, who had the support of the count as well. From that point on, Aicard was officially deposed, but ruling as a usurper.

Aicard held the city for many years thereafter. When Pope Urban II, the greatest of the Gregorian reformers after Gregory, travelled through Languedoc and Provence, visiting Montpellier, Nîmes, Saint-Gilles, Tarascon, Avignon, Aix, Cavaillon, and other cities, preaching the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont in 1095, he had to avoid Arles, where the deposed bishop was still in power.

Between 1098 and 1099, however, Aicard probably relinquished his see to follow the Crusade. Ghibbelin appeared for the first time in Urban's papal bull releasing the citizens of Arles from the penalties incurred in 1080. Aicard was in the Holy Land from 1103 to 1105, where he joined Raymond of Saint-Gilles. He returned to Arles after Raymond's death and recuperated his diocese (1107) when Ghibbelin left as papal legate to Palestine.


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Aicard — (spr. äkár), Jean, franz. Dichter, geb. 4. Febr. 1848 in Toulon, Sohn des gleichnamigen Geschichtsprofessors, trat zuerst 1867 mit den »Jeunes croyances« vor die Öffentlichkeit, denen 1871 »Les rébellions et les apaisements« folgten, machte sich… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Aicard — (spr. äkahr), Jean, franz. Dichter, geb. 4. Febr. 1848 in Toulon, veröffentlichte, »Poèmes de provences« (3. Aufl. 1878), »Jesus« (1895), »Miette et Noré« (1880), Romane (»Tata«, 1901), Dramen u.a …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • Aicard — Aicard, Aicardi Voir Aycard. La forme Aicardi est très présente en Corse et dans les Bouches du Rhône …   Noms de famille

  • Aicard — Jean Aicard Jean François Victor Aicard (* 4. Februar 1848 in Toulon; † 13. Mai 1921 in Paris) war ein französischer Dichter, Romancier und Dramatiker. Besonders bekannt wurde er durch sein 1908 erschienenes Werk Maurin des Maures. Aicard wurde… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Aicard d'Arles — Aicard[N 1] (° v. 1045 † 1113), dit Aicard d Arles ou Aicard de Marseille était un religieux français du Moyen Âge, qui fut archevêque d’Arles de 1070 à 1080, à l époque de la réforme grégorienne et de la querelle des investitures. Pour des… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Aicard, Jean — ▪ French poet in full  François victor jean Aicard   born Feb 4, 1848, Toulon, Fr. died May 13, 1921, Paris       French poet, novelist, and dramatist, best known for his poems of the Provence region.       As a young man Aicard studied law but… …   Universalium

  • Jean Aicard — Jean Aicard, ca. 1900. Nom de naissance Jean François Victor Aicard Activités Écrivain, Poète Na …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Square Jean-Aicard — Géographie Pays France Ville Paris Quartier 11e arrondissement Superficie 1 850 m² …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Jean Aicard — Jean Aicard, foto de 1900 aprox. Jean Aicard, dibujo de Félix Régamey, cerca de 1878. Jean François Victor Aicard (4 de feb …   Wikipedia Español

  • Jean Aicard — Jean François Victor Aicard (* 4. Februar 1848 in Toulon; † 13. Mai 1921 in Paris) war ein französischer Dichter, Romancier und Dramatiker. Besonders bekannt wurde er durch sein 1908 erschienenes Werk Maurin des Maures …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”