Sarpam Thullal

Many ancient family houses in Kerala have special snake shrines called "Kavu". Sarpam Thullal is usually performed in the courtyard of houses having snake shrines. This is a votive offering for family wealth and happiness. The dance is performed by members of a community called Pulluvar. In the first stage the pulluvan draws a "kalam" (the field) in with two or more twining snakes in the courtyard. An oil lit traditional lamp and one full measure ("nirapara") each of paddy and rice are then placed in front of the "kalam". In the second stage, the idol of the snake is brought out from the Kavu in a procession called thalapoli to the uproarious tumult of percussion instrument (panchavadyam).

A number of girls with their hair pleated up like the hoods of snakes and reminiscent of the legend of the naga kanyakas partake in this procession. The idol is placed in the "kalam" and the poojari performs ritual offerings while the girls sit in two rows on the side of the kolam. The poojari then dances round the kolam to the rhythmic beating of "para" (a crude drum) and "elathalam" (bell metal cymbals). All the while a "pulluvan" and "pulluvathi" (male and female singers) sing special devotional songs set to tune and rhythm by "nanduni" (a primitive type of veena, a stringed musical instrument) and "pulluvankudam" (a primitive musical instrument consisting of an earthenware pot and strings) respectively. As the song gathers momentum the girls begin to dance, swaying their bodies slowly at first and steadily ascending in tempo. The dance finally erupts into a violent frenzy of rhythmic fervour, culminating in a trance.