- Joseph James Fletcher
Joseph James Fletcher (
7 January 1850 –15 May 1926 ) was anAustralia nbiologist .Fletcher was born at
Auckland ,New Zealand . His father, the Rev Joseph Horner Fletcher, a Methodist clergyman, came to Australia early in 1861, and, after a term of four years in Queensland (where Joseph James studied atIpswich Grammar School , went toSydney to become principal ofNewington College , from 1865 to 1887. Fletcher completed his schooling at Newington (1865-1867) [Newington College Register of Past Students 1863-1998 (Syd, 1999) pp65] and then went to theUniversity of Sydney and graduated B.A. in 1870 and M.A. in 1876. Between these years he was a master atWesley College, Melbourne , under Professor M. H. Irving. As no science degree was offered in Australia, in 1876 resigned from Wesley and went toLondon , initially studying at theRoyal School of Mines and University College,University of London where he studied biology at a very inspiring period and took his B.Sc. degree there in 1879. He studied for a time at Cambridge and in 1881 published his first paper.In 1881 he decided to return to Australia, and, before leaving England, prepared a "Catalogue of Papers and Works relating to the Mammalian orders,
Marsupial la andMonotremata ", which was published in Sydney soon after his arrival in 1881. There were no openings for young scientists in Sydney at this period, so Fletcher joined the staff of Newington College where his father was still principal. He was four years at the school and was a successful teacher, encouraging his pupils to find out things for themselves instead of merely trying to remember what their teacher had told them. During this period he joined theLinnean Society of New South Wales , met Sir William Macleay, and in 1885 was given the position of director and librarian of the society. This title was afterwards changed to secretary. He entered on his duties on1 January 1886 and for over 33 years devoted his life to the service of the society. During this period he edited 33 volumes of "Proceedings" with the greatest care.Fletcher also published in 1892 a selection of "Sermons, Addresses and Essays" by his father, with a biographical sketch, and in 1893 edited The Macleay Memorial Volume, for which he wrote an excellent memoir of Macleay. He had done some very good research work in connexion with the embryology of the marsupials, and on Australian
earthworm s. Later he took up theamphibia , on which he eventually became an authority. In January 1900 he was president of the biology section at the meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, and chose for the subject of his address "The Rise and early Progress of our Knowledge of the Australian Fauna", a work of much value to all interested in the history of research in the natural history of Australia. In addition to being secretary of the Linnean Society and editor of its Proceedings, Fletcher was an executor of Macleay's will and he had much work in carrying out the provisions of it as financial and legal difficulties arose in connexion with the appointment of a bacteriologist and the foundation of the research fellowships.In later years Fletcher gave more and more time to botany, and did important work on
acacia s,grevillea s andLoranthaceae . On31 March 1919 he resigned his position as secretary to the Linnean Society and was elected president in 1920 and 1921. His address on "The Society's Heritage from the Macleays", a very interesting record, occupies nearly 70 pages in volume XLV of the "Proceedings". After an accident in 1922 he was much confined to his home for the remainder of his life. He overhauled and completed the arranging and labelling of his own zoological collection in 1923 before presenting it to theAustralian Museum , and died suddenly on15 May 1926 , leaving a widow. He was awarded theClarke Medal by theRoyal Society of New South Wales in 1921.References
Bibliography
* David Macmillan, Newington College 1863-1963 (Sydney, 1963)
* Peter Swain, Newington Across the Years 1863-1998 (Sydney, 1999)External links
*Dictionary of Australian Biography|First=Joseph James|Last=Fletcher|Link= [http://gutenberg.net.au/dictbiog/0-dict-biogF.html#fletcher1 Dictionary of Australian Biography F ] at gutenberg.net.au
*G. P. Walsh, ' [http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A080548b.htm Fletcher, Joseph James (1850? - 1926)] ',Australian Dictionary of Biography , Volume 8, MUP, 1981, pp 525-526.
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