- Deli Çay River
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The Deli Çay River (English: Crazy River), in southern Anatolia near today's Turkey—Syria border, was thought during earlier modern times to be the Pinarus river, where Alexander the Great defeated Darius III of Persia in the First Battle of Issus, and the likely site of the second and third battles of the same name down into the Middle Ages. But historians N.G.L. Hammond and A.M. Devine have made convincing claims that the Pinarus is actually the Payas river, the latter using eye-witness examination of the river, which may not have drastically changed since antiquity.
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