The Pavilion (government building)

The Pavilion is the principal workplace of the Governor of Vermont, it is located at 109 State Street in Montpelier, capital of the U.S. state of Vermont. The building is built in the French Second Empire style, and houses the working offices, reception room, press briefing room, and living apartments of Vermont's governor. The term "The Pavilion" is sometimes used as a metonym for a governor's administration, or the Vermont governorship. Additional offices of Vermont's executive branch of government, particularly the Vermont Agency of Administration, are housed in the Pavilion, as well as the Vermont Historical Society and its museum.

Though the Pavilion provides private living apartments for Vermont's governor, it differs from other U.S. states' governor's mansions in that it is primarily an administrative building for the executive branch of government.

Building history

Operation as a hotel

The five story building is a 1971 reconstruction of an 1876 hotel, also called the Pavilion. While a hotel, the Pavilion was colloquially referred to as Vermont's "third house" (after the Senate and House of Representatives) because it was so intertwined with Vermont's political history, and, while a hotel, served as a home for many of Vermont's legislators.

The first hotel on the site was a three-story building built in 1807–1808 by Thomas Davis. This building was designed by Sylvanus Baldwin, representative for Montpelier in the Vermont General Assembly and a self-taught architect-builder who also designed the first Vermont State House sited roughly on the site of the present Vermont Supreme Court. Shortly after consruction Davis sold the hotel to Mahlon Cottrill who greatly enlarged the building, rebuilding it in the Greek Revival style. Cottrill established the name "The Pavilion," and added piazzas on the south and west sides as in the present building. In 1874 Theron O. Bailey acquired the hotel, razed the second building and erected a new ninety-guestroom Pavilion, adding two full floors, and an attic floor below its fashionable new mansard roof. Steam powered elevators carried guests from the ground to fifth floor. Two new ball rooms, dining rooms, and lounges were added – all lit by gas jet. A large two-story Italianate style piazza was added on the south side facing State Street, and to the west facing the public lawn of the Vermont State House. Bailey's grand new hotel cost $100,000, and opened in time for the 1876 Centennial of American Independence.

For three-quarters of a century the Pavilion remained the grand hotel of Montpelier. An increase in legislators willing to commute, by car, from home to the state house, contributed to the hotel's steady decline. The hotel ceased operation in October 1966.

Reconstruction as a state office

The state of Vermont acquired the property in 1969. Restoration and reuse of the building was briefly considered, but a pressing need for expansion of state offices in the capital complex area, coupled with a lack of sensitivity for historic preservation, led to the complete razing of the building and the subsequent construction of a new Pavilion. The west and south exterior façades are academic copies of the original building, faithful except for the missing chimneys and cast-iron cresting along the mansard roof. A large two-story piazza wraps around the building's south and west sides as in the 1876 building. The entry foyer on State Street and an adjacent reception room recreate the building's original ornate French Empire style interiors complete with polychrome stencilling, period artwork, and furnishings.

Use by Vermont's executive branch

New working offices for the governorship

When the current building opened in 1971, Governor Dean Davis had the offices of the governor located in the southeast corner of the fifth floor, approached from a long corridor then used as a gallery of Vermont artists. A modernist addition, in the form of a contemporary steel and glass wing was added to the building in the 1990s. This wing is to the northwest, directly north of the state library and Vermont Supreme Court. The working office of the governor was moved to this wing, providing the office with a dramatic view of the State House dome to the northwest. A ceremonial office for the governor is provided in the State House, and is used on a near daily basis during legislative sessions.

Living apartments

The state of Vermont previously maintained an official residence for Vermont's governors called the Chester Wright House at 159 State Street, a large late Georgian style house built in 1809. The Greek Revival portico and terrace was added later in the nineteenth century. The family of Governor Joseph B. Johnson were the last regular residents, leaving the house at the end of his term in 1959. The house was used sporadically until the mid-1960s when the house was sold due to lack of use.

No longer having an official residence like many states, living apartments allowing the governor to live, as well as work at the Pavilion, were built in the northwest portion of the building during the administration of Madeleine M. Kunin. These rooms are especially useful to Vermont's governors during the legislative session when work is sometimes conducted late into the night.

References

* Doyle, William T. "The Vermont Political Tradition and Those Who Helped Make It." Doyle Publisher: 1987. ISBN 0-9615486-1-4.
* Duffy, John J., et al. "Vermont: An Illustrated History." American Historical Press: 2000. ISBN 1-892724-08-1.
* Duffy, John J., et al. "The Vermont Encyclopedia." University Press of New England: 2003. ISBN 1-58465-086-9.
* Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration for the State of Vermont. "Vermont: A guide to the Green Mountain State." Houghton Mifflin: 1937.
* Kelley, Shirley W. "Vermont's Three State Houses in Montpelier." "Vermont Historical Society News and Notes." Volume 16, Number 6, February 1965.
* Merrill, Perry H. "Montpelier: The Capital City's History: 1780-1976." self published: 1976.
* Thompson, D.P. "History of the Town of Montpelier, from the Time it was Chartered in 1781 to the Year 1860." E.P. Walton, Printers: 1860.
* "Vermont History: the Proceedings of the Vermont Historical Society." Vol. XXXIV, No. 4., October 1966

External links

* [http://www.vermont.gov/ Government of Vermont portal]
* [http://www.vermont.gov/governor/ Website of Vermont's governor]
* [http://www.vermonthistory.org/about.htm The Vermont Historical Society's Museums]