Wai Ren

Infobox Chinese emperor


name = Wai Ren (Zi Fa) 外壬 (子發)
ances-name = Zi (子)
clan-name =
given-name = Fa (發)
courtesy-name =
title1 = King of Shang Dynasty
reign1 =
off-title1 =
title2 =
reign2 =
off-title2 =
temple-name =
post-name = Wai Ren (子發)
notes =

Wai Ren (Chinese: 外壬, born Zi Fa (Chinese: 子發), was a Shang Dynasty King of China.

In the "Records of the Grand Historian" he was listed by Sima Qian as the eleventh Shang king, succeeding his brother Zhong Ding (Chinese: 仲丁). He was enthroned in the year of Gengxu (Chinese: 庚戌) with Ao (Chinese: 隞) as his capital. During his reign there was a rebellion from Shang's vassals of Pei (Chinese: 邳) and Xian (Chinese: 侁) peoples. He ruled for 15 years (although the "Bamboo Annals" claim 10 years) before his death. He was given the posthumous name Wai Ren and was succeeded by his son He Dan Jia (Chinese: 河亶甲).cite book |last=Bai |first=Shouyi |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=An Outline History of China |year=2002 |publisher=Foreign Language Press |location=Beijing |isbn=7-119-02347-0] cite web |url =http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/history/shang/shang-dynasty-emperors.htm |title = Emperor Table of Shang Dynasty |accessdate = April 15 |accessdaymonth = |accessmonthday = |accessyear = 2008 |author = |last = |first = |authorlink = |coauthors = |date = |year = |month = |format = |work = |publisher = Travel China Guide |pages = |language = English |doi = |archiveurl = |archivedate = |quote = ] cite web |url =http://chinaknowledge.de/History/Myth/shang-rulers.html |title = The Shang Dynasty Rulers |accessdate = August 7 |accessdaymonth = |accessmonthday = |accessyear = 2007 |author = |last = |first = |authorlink = |coauthors = |date = |year = |month = |format = |work = |publisher = China Knowledge |pages = |language = English |doi = |archiveurl = |archivedate = |quote = ] cite web |url =http://www.indiana.edu/~g380/Kings.pdf |title = Shang Kingship And Shang Kinship |accessdate = August 7 |accessdaymonth = |accessmonthday = |accessyear = 2007 |author = |last = |first = |authorlink = |coauthors = |date = |year = |month = |format = |work = |publisher = Indiana University |pages = |language = English |doi = |archiveurl = |archivedate = |quote = ]

Oracle script inscriptions on bones unearthed at Yinxu alternatively record that he was the tenth Shang king, given the posthumous name Bu Ren (Chinese: 卜壬) and succeeded by his son Jian Jia.

References