Non-Muslim view of Umar

Non-Muslim view of Umar

:"This is a sub-article to Umar.

The history of non-Muslim scholarship on Umar regards Umar as a pivotal figure in the history of Islam, since it was under his aegis that the Muslims expanded outwards from the Syro-Arabian steppe and fought the great powers of the time, the Sassanid and Byzantine empires.

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William Muir

PresentScholar|William Muir|20th|Non-Muslim is quoted as saying that Umar had a "liberal and tolerant policy" [On a note of Apology of al-Kindy [http://www.muhammadanism.org/Al-Kindi/p120-121.htm page 200] ]

Edward Gibbon

PresentScholar|Edward Gibbon|18th|non-Muslim wrote

He also wrote that Ali did not listen...

Also, after evaluating the Shi'a and Sunni views of the four first caliphs, he writes:

Jewish Virtual Library

The Jewish Virtual Library writes:

ee also

*Non-Muslim view of Muhammad
*Non-Muslim view of Ali
* [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Caliphate.html jewishvirtuallibrary.org]


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