Esperanza Aguirre

Infobox Deputy Prime Minister

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name=Esperanza Aguirre
nationality=Spain
order=President of Madrid
term_start=October 17, 2003
term_end=
predecessor=Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón
successor=Current
birth_date=birth date and age|1952|01|03
birth_place=Madrid, Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain
dead=alive
death_date=
demise_place=
spouse=Fernando Ramírez de Haro y Valdés, Count of Murillo
party=PP

Esperanza Aguirre Gil de Biedma, Countess of Murillo, Grandee of Spain, DBE (Madrid, January 3, 1952) is a Spanish politician, currently the President of the conservative Partido Popular of Madrid. Since 2003 she has been the President of the Autonomous Community of Madrid. She is the first female to have been President of the Senate and Minister of Education and Culture in Spanish democratic history. She was a member of Unión Liberal, Partido Liberal and Popular Alliance, which changed its name to Partido Popular (People's Party) in 1989. She is considered as the foremost person in the classic liberal wing of the party.

Since her early years she has been a member of the Club Liberal of Madrid, which was presided over by the Complutense University Economic Doctrines professor, Pedro Schwartz. Schwartz, one of the most important leaders of Unión Liberal and one of the few representatives of classic liberalism in Spain, permitted the beginning of Esperanza's political career in 1983 [Sobre el papel de Pedro Schwartz para su entrada en política, puede consultarse el [http://www.esferalibros.com/libros/libropcapitulo.html?libroISBN=849734572X capítulo disponible "on line"] de la biografía de Esperanza Aguirre escrita por Virginia Drake: "Esperanza Aguirre: la presidenta". Esfera de los Libros, 2006.] .

Early years (1952-1974)

She was born into a high-class family of Madrid, daughter of the lawyer José Luis Aguirre Borrell and Piedad Gil de Biedma Seoane, she is the eldest of eight siblings. She is also a relative of the Catalonian poet Jaime Gil de Biedma. She studied in the La Asunción schools and in Madrid's British Institute. She earned a degree in Law in Complutense University of Madrid in 1974.

Administrative career (1974-1982)

In 1976 she joined the Technical Division of the Ministry of Information and Tourism as a civil servant. She was head of the Department of Publicity and Tourism, where she remained until 1979. Subsequently she had many different jobs in the Ministry of Culture, serving several Ministers during the Democratic Centre Union governments; especially designated by the Prime Minister himself. In 1979, she was head of the Technical Cabinet of the Director-General of Literature and Cinematography. In 1980 she was appointed to be Deputy Director-General of Studies of the Technical State Secretary of the Ministry of Culture. Then, in 1981, she was appointed to be Deputy Director-General of the Technical Cabinet of the Secretary of Culture. Her last job for the Administration was as Deputy Director-General of Cultural Associations.

Councillor of Madrid (1983-1996)

Esperanza Aguirre first became a councillor with the defunct Coalición Popular, in which she was a member of the smaller Unión Liberal. Between 1983 and 1986 she held a seat on Madrid City Council as a member of Coalición Popular. While in opposition, she was a member of the Standing Committee of the City Council, a CP spokeswoman on the areas of Culture, Education, Youth and Sports Affairs, and the Moncloa district. When Unión Liberal merged with Partido Liberal, in December 1984, she held different positions in the National Executive and the Political Council of José Antonio Segurado's Partido Liberal.

In 1987 she left the Partido Liberal and joined Popular Alliance, which later became the People's Party. She was subsequently reelected to the city council, and continued in opposition until 1989, when a successful vote of no confidence ousted the socialist mayor Juan Barranco; allowing the People's Party and Democratic and Social Centre to rule Madrid for the first time since the restoration of democracy in 1977. In the new local executive, she was designated head of the Environment department.

In 1991 the People's Party under José María Álvarez del Manzano won a council majority and Esperanza Aguirre was again appointed to the Environment Department. Two years later, she was designated as Head of the Culture Department and controlled the areas of Sports, Education and Hygiene. In 1995 she became the spokeswoman of People's Party in Madrid City Council and was appointed by the City Council to the Caja Madrid Board of Governors.

Minister of Education, Culture and Sports (1996-1999)

In the general election of 1996 she was the candidate for the Senate for Madrid of the People's Party, after her designation as a member of the National Executive Committee of the Party; and she became a senator. The then new President, José María Aznar, appointed her to be Minister of Education, Culture and Sports. A controversial position, for she gave evidence of a weak knowledge of contemporary culture, confussing the portuguese writer José Saramago with the popular dancer Sara Baras, and thinking of the Spanish movie Air Bag of being American.fact|date=October 2008. She was succeeded in those posts in 1999 by Mariano Rajoy.

President of the Senate (1999-2002)

Aguirre, a Senator since 1996, was elected President of the Senate in February 1999, the first woman to do so. In March 2000, she was re-elected Senator for Madrid, becoming the top-voted candidate in Spain with 1.55 million votes and 50.7% of the popular vote, a percentage record still unbroken [In the 2008 election, her party colleague Juan José Lucas gathered 1.68 million votes, but this only amounted to ~48.5% of the valid vote] . In 2002 she resigned in order to run for the Presidency of the Autonomous Community of Madrid in the regional Assembly elections of 2003, being substituted as President of the Senate by Juan José Lucas.

President of the Community of Madrid (2003-)

First regional elections of 2003 and the dissenting deputies of PSOE

When the regional elections took place in May 2003, the People's Party won a plurality of seats. The People's Party won 55 seats in the Madrid Assembly, being the only party of the right in the Assembly, While on the left PSOE won 47 seats and United Left won 9 seats, thus making it possible for a coalition of PSOE and IU to rule.

However, the election of a leftist coalition wasn't possible because of two dissenting deputies of the PSOE, Eduardo Tamayo and María Teresa Sáez, who refused to obey the party whip in the first two votes, the election of the speaker, and the election of the president. Most of the left and several media organs accused Tamayo and Saez of being bribed into breaking their party discipline by prominent members of PP, following accusations that the hotel rooms they were hiding in had been paid for by businessmen from the construction industry with links to the PP. This theory was dismissed by a parliamentary investigation and was never proven.

econd regional elections of 2003

In October 2003, following the scandal concerning the dissenting deputies, the regional elections were rerun. The People's Party won a majority of seats enabling Esperanza Aguirre to became the President of the Community Madrid.

In December 2005, she suffered a helicopter accident in Madrid, without being hurt. Her most important achievements in these years were the reduction of surgery waiting times, the building of 8 new hospitals, 87 new state schools (most of them bilingual), an increase in the investment for several scholarships of education and the expansion of the Underground to suburbial areas, like Pozuelo de Alarcón. She was also the target of important public opposition due to her program to privatice public health. Developing a system in which private companies where hired to totaly manage public hospitals. Oposition to these policies came mainly from social democrats, but also from the most centered part of her own party. She also started a fight against a number of doctors involved in pain relieve treatments to diying people, based on religious convinctions. Court proved her harasment to these doctors not to be according to law.fact|date=October 2008 Her public fight with Madrid's mayor Alberto Ruiz Gallardon has also been the matter of a number of difficulties for the city management, to which Madrid citizens have been sensitive.

Private life

She has been married since 1974 to Fernando Ramírez de Haro y Valdés, Count of Murillo and Grandee of Spain, an important businessman, and has two sons, Álvaro and Fernando. She is fluent in English and French, and keen on card games, specially the popular in Spain mus.fact|date=May 2007

In February 2004, Esperanza Aguirre was appointed Dame of the British Order. She is the first Spanish woman to have received this title.

References

External links

* [http://www.madrid.org/lapresidencia/contenidos/biografia.htm Official biography of Esperanza Aguirre] es icon
* [http://www.esperanzaaguirre.net Site critical with Mrs. Aguirre's politic career] es icon
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