Pancratium maritimum

Taxobox
name = "Pancratium maritimum"

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image_width = 240px
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Liliopsida
ordo = Asparagales
familia = Amaryllidaceae
genus = "Pancratium"
species = "P. maritimum"
binomial = "Pancratium maritimum"
binomial_authority = L.
synonyms = "P. angustifolium" M. Roem. 1847 Syn. Ensat. 178.

"Pancratium maritimum", or sea daffodil, is a species of Amaryllidaceae native to the Mediterranean region and south-western Europe. That plant can also be seen on the south Bulgarian and north Turkish coasts of Black Sea where is threatened with extinction. It grows on coastal sands or just above the high tide mark. Other vernacular names are Sand Daffodil and Sand Lily. The Latin "maritimum" means "on the sea-coast".

"P. maritimum" is a bulbous perennial with a long neck and glaucous, broadly linear leaves, evergreen, but the leaves often die back during hot summers. Scape to 40 cm. Flowers 3-15 in an umbel, to 15 cm long, white. Corona two-thirds as long as the tepals. The flowers have an exotic lily scent. Flowering in August to October.

The plant is pollinated by a hawk-moth named "Agrius convolvuli". These insects visits the flower when the speed of the wind is under 2 m/sec. When It's higher than that the moths does not visit the "Pancratium". Even if the species is pollinated in artificial way during windy weather the pollination is not effective. Another specific of the sand lily is that It is not receptive to its own pollen and the plant can recognize it. This flower can be only cross pollinated.

Easily grown but requires a very sunny position and a very well drained, sandy soil. Needs hot summers to induce flowering and is often a shy bloomer in cooler climates. Hardy to USDA zone 8. Tolerates temperatures down to about -5°C. Propagation by seeds or division after flowering. Seedlings may flower in their third or fourth year.

The Hebrew name for the flower is חבצלת החוף, closely related to the rose of Sharon (חבצלת השרון) mentioned in the Song of Solomon. It is commonly assumed by most people in Israel that, the Sharon plain being on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, the Biblical passage refers to this flower.