- Gum base
Gum base is the non-nutritive, non-digestible, water-insoluble masticatory delivery system used to carry
sweeteners ,flavors and any other desired substances inchewing gum andbubble gum . It provides all the basic textural and masticatory properties of gum.Gum bases for chewing gum are different than those for bubble gum. A bubble gum base is formulated with the ability to blow bubbles; it contains higher levels ofelastomers or higher molecular weight polymers for this purpose. Gum bases for non-acid flavored gum usecalcium carbonate as a filler, while gum bases for acid flavored gum usetalc as a filler, since acids can react withcalcium carbonate to produce a gas, which is undesirable.Bubble gum usually contains 15-20% gum base, while chewing gum contains 20-25% gum base and sugar-free chewing gum contains 25-30% gum base.
Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana and at Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company are studying the possibility of making gum base with biodegradable
zein (corn protein). [http://ift.confex.com/ift/2004/techprogram/paper_24534.htm]Large chewing gum manufacturers generally produce their own gum base in-house while small chewing gum producers usually buy gum base from third-party suppliers, such as those listed in External Links.
Composition and manufacture
The exact composition of gum bases is usually a
trade secret , but generally consists of ingredients from the following categories:*
Elastomers : provide the elasticity or bounce, and can be naturallatex es (eg.couma macrocarpa (also calledleche caspi orsorva ),loquat (also callednispero ), tunu, jelutong, orchicle which is still commercially produced), or synthetic rubbers (eg. styrene-butadiene rubber,butyl rubber ,polyisobutylene ).
*Resins : provide a cohesive body or strength, and are most often glycerol esters of gum rosin, terpene resins, and/orpolyvinyl acetate .
*Waxes : act as softening agents and are most usuallyparaffin ormicrocrystalline wax .
*fat s: behave asplasticizers and mainly come fromhydrogenated vegetable oils .
*Emulsifiers : help to hydrate, the most common beinglecithin orglycerol monostearate .
*Fillers: impart texture and the most commonly used arecalcium carbonate ortalc .
*Antioxidants : protect from oxidation and extend shelf-life; the most common type is BHT.Old gum bases were based on either natural elastomers such as
latex es, vegetable gums likechicle ,spruce gum , andmastic gum , or alternatively onwax es, eg.paraffin wax andbeeswax , but today synthetic rubbers are preferred.ee also
*
Bubblegum
*Chewing gum
*Functional gum
*Gum industry
*List of chewing gum brands References
" [http://www.kennedys-books.co.uk/Formulation-and-Production-of-Chewing-and-Bubble-Gum-publication.htm Formulation and Production of Chewing and Bubble Gum] ", edited by Doug Fritz, Pp 93-118, Kennedy's Publications Ltd, London, UK, 2006
External links
Producers / Suppliers of gum base to the chewing gum industry:
* [http://www.bolak.co.kr Bolak] - Korea
* [http://www.cafosa.com Cafosa Gum] - Spain
* [http://www.eurobase.be Eurobase International] - Belgium
* [http://www.gumbase.com Gum Base Co] - Italy
* [http://www.gumcorp.com Gum Corp] - Pakistan
* [http://www.chinagumbase.com Jiangsu Yinyang Gum Base] - China
* [http://www.maykim.com.tr Maykim] - Turkey
* [http://www.proaroma.com.br Pro Aroma] - Brazil
* [http://www.sancorpeurobase.com Sancorp] - India
* [http://www.trapesa.com.mx Trapesa] - Mexico
* [http://www.wuxi-gumbase.com Wuxi Gum Base] - China
* [http://www.yuedagumbase.com Wuxi Yueda Gum Base] - China
* [http://www.confectioneryspecialist.com Pusan Manis Mulia Gum Base] - Indonesia
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