Checkmate (Bliss)

Checkmate (Bliss)

Infobox Ballet
name = Checkmate


image_size =
caption =
choreographer = Ninette de Valois
composer = Arthur Bliss
based_on =
premiere = 15 June 1937
place = Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, Paris
ballet_company = Vic-Wells Ballet
characters = Black Queen Red Knight Death Red King Red Queen leader of the Black Pawns
set designer = McNight Kauffer
setting = chessboard
created for =
genre = Neoclassical ballet
type =

"Checkmate" is a ballet with music written by the British composer Arthur Bliss, in 1936-1937. Bliss collaborated on the libretto with the choreographe Ninette de Valois. [cite journal | url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0027-4666(193707)78%3A1133%3C648%3A'ABBIP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T | last=Crisp | first=Clement | title=The Ballets of Arthur Bliss | journal=The Musical Times | volume=107 | issue=1482 | pages=674–675 | date=August 1966 | accessdate=2008-03-02 | doi=10.2307/953113] After World War I, Bliss developed an interest in ballet, after seeing the Ballets Russes of Sergei Diaghilev in London. Bliss composed "Checkmate" for the Vic-Wells Ballet (later the Sadler's Wells Ballet), who produced the first performance of "Checkmate" at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées on June 15 1937. Constant Lambert conducted the Lamoureux Orchestra, [cite journal | url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0027-4666(198204)123%3A1670%3C252%3AHA'F%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D | last=Aber | first=Adolf | title="Checkmate". Arthur Bliss's Ballet in Paris | journal=The Musical Times | volume=78 | issue=1133 | pages=648–649 | date=July 1937 | accessdate=2008-03-02 | doi=10.2307/922735] and the premiere dancers included the following:
* June Brae (Black Queen)
* Harold Turner (Red Knight)
* Frederick Ashton (Death)
* Robert Helpmann (Red King)
* Pamela May (Red Queen)
* Margot Fonteyn (leader of the Black Pawns) The UK premiere of "Checkmate" was on 5 October 1937 at Sadler's Wells. The music received its first radio broadcast performance on 15 October 1937, over the BBC. [cite journal | url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0027-4666(197108)112%3A1542%3C743%3AAOB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W | last=Thompson | first=Kenneth L. | title=Bliss: Supplement to the Catalogue of Works | journal=The Musical Times | volume=112 | issue=1542 | pages=745 | date=August 1971 | accessdate=2008-04-11 | doi=10.2307/954593]

ections

* Prologue-The Players: "Moderato Maestoso"
* Dances Of The Red Pawns: "Allegro Spirito Scherzando"
* Dance Of The Four Knights: "Allegro Moderato Sempre Robustamente"
* Entry Of The Black Queen: "L'istesso Tempo"
* The Red Knight's Mazurka: "Moderato Giojosamente"
* Ceremony Of The Red Bishops: "Largamende (Misticamente)"
* Entry Of The Red Castles: "Allegro Molto Deciso"
* Entry Of The Red King And Queen: "Grave"
* The Attack: "Allegro Impetuoso E Brillante"
* The Duel: "Maestoso Moderato E Molto Appassionato"
* The Black Queen Dances: "Allegretto Dispettoso"
* Finale-Checkmate: "Andante Poco Sostenuto-Allegro Vivace E Feroce"

ynopsis

The premise of the ballet is that the chess pieces become animated and act out human emotions. The main conflict of the story concerns the Red Knight's love for the Black Queen. In the Prologue, two chess players are shown, ready to do battle. The player in gold represents Love and chooses the red side. The player in black represents Death and takes the black side.

The ballet proper begins with the Red Pawns assembling on the chessboard. The Red Knights arrive on the scene, afterwards joined by the Black Knights. The Black Knights prostrate themselves at the entry of the Black Queen, who fills them with fear. The Black Queen makes advances to the Red Knight and tosses him a rose, and the Red Knight becomes infatuated with the Black Queen.

The Red King and Red Queen arrive, with the old Red King requiring assistance. An initial "game" between the two sides finishes as the Black Queen has the Red King in a "check" position. This game leads to a duel between the Red Knight and the Black Queen, where the Red Knight is victorious over the Black Queen. However, he cannot bring himself to kill her because of his love for her. In one moment, he turns his back and recalls the rose from the Black Queen. The Black Queen takes advantage and fatally stabs the Red Knight. The funeral cortège for the Red Knight is described as "Death leading, Love at the end of the procession". [cite journal | url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0027-4666(197108)112%3A1542%3C743%3AAOB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W | last=Palmer | first=Christopher | title=Aspects of Bliss | journal=The Musical Times | volume=112 | issue=1542 | pages=743–745 | date=August 1971 | accessdate=2008-04-11 | doi=10.2307/954592]

The Black Queen then turns on the Red King, and the Black forces surround him. The Red King has one last moment of recalling his youth before the Black Queen stabs him in the back with a spear, in the final "checkmate".

Recordings

* ASV CD WLS 255: Royal Ballet Sinfonia; Barry Wordsworth, conductor (complete ballet)
* Naxos 8.557641: Royal Scottish National Orchestra; David Lloyd-Jones, conductor (complete ballet)

References

External links

* [http://www.naxos.com/catalogue/item.asp?item_code=8.557641 Naxos entry on Lloyd-Jones recording, with link to notes on the music]


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