Helen Thompson Sunday

Helen Amelia Thompson Sunday (June 25, 1868 – February 20, 1957) was the wife of Billy Sunday, an indefatigable organizer of his huge evangelistic campaigns during the first decades of the twentieth century, and eventually an evangelistic speaker in her own right.

Early life and marriage

Helen Sunday, often called “Nell” or “Ma” by her husband, was born to William and Ellen Binnie Thompson in Dundee, Illinois. Her father, a prosperous businessman and a staunch Presbyterian of Scottish heritage, moved the family to Chicago in 1869. After her conversion, Nell taught a Sunday School class at Jefferson Park Presbyterian Church. [In her early years, the pastor of Jefferson Park Presbyterian was the noted evangelical Francis Landey Patton, who later served as president of Princeton Theological Seminary.] By eighteen, she had been made supervisor of the Intermediate Department and was an influential member of the Christian Endeavor Society, the Presbyterian youth organization. Recognizing her executive abilities, her father sent her to business college, although her mother objected to “unladylike” pursuits. [Opal Cording Overmeyer, "Remarkable Ma Sunday: The Story of a Wonderful Life" (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1957), 8-9.]

According to an oft-repeated story, Helen said that she met Billy Sunday at a church social shortly after his conversion to Christianity. [Sunday could never remember the date of this experience, although he made repeated reference to it. The oft-told conversion story poses a number of chronological difficulties. The best explication of the problems and their partial solutions is Wendy Knickerbocker, "Sunday at the Ballpark" (Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2000), 59-63, 79-89.] William Thompson at first objected to the noted White Stockings baseball player becoming the suitor of his daughter. Nevertheless, he softened, and the couple was married in the Thompson home in 1888. The Sundays had four children Helen Edith (1890), George Marquis (1892), William Ashley, Jr. (1901) and Paul Thompson (1907).

Evangelistic campaign manager

Billy Sunday had left professional baseball for religious work in 1890, and by 1896, he had begun his own evangelistic career. Billy, who was naturally shy and who had suffered a series of losses as a child, leaned on Nell for emotional support as well as for such mundane chores as paying his bills, making his travel arrangements, and generally putting his affairs in order. Billy trusted Nell's "good horse sense" and averred that he had "never yet gone contrary to Mrs. Sunday's advice" without finding himself "up against it." [William G. McLoughlin, "Billy Sunday Was His Real Name" (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1955), 76, 16; Elijah P. Brown, "The Real Billy Sunday" (New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1914), 232; Melton Wright, "Giant for God: A Biography of the Life of William Ashley ("Billy") Sunday" (Boyce, VA: Carr Publishing Company, Inc. 1951), 245, 289; Bob Jones [Jr.] , "Cornbread and Caviar: Reflections and Reminiscences" (Greenville, SC: Bob Jones University Press, 1985), 89, 91.]

In 1908, Nell and Billy agreed that she would travel with him, leaving the three younger children in the care of a nanny. Nell managed the campaign organization, energized the Sunday publicity machine, and hovered over the collection plates. Her formidable manner “struck terror to the hearts” of those who tried to take advantage of her husband, and “tact was not her greatest virtue.” Nevertheless, her loyalty and sincerity made her Billy’s mainstay. Nell acted as a buffer between Sunday and the outside world, making it possible for him to concentrate on his preaching. It is doubtful that he could have become the sensational attraction that he in fact became without her assistance. [Jones, 91-92.]

As Sunday’s campaigns grew larger, Nell herself began to speak regularly at women’s meetings and civic organizations, becoming a significant religious figure in her own right. She answered Sunday’s voluminous mail, and for a few years at the height of her husband’s popularity during World War I, Nell even wrote (or at least, had ghost written) a syndicated feature called “Mrs. Billy Sunday’s Column,” in which she dispensed advice to women about such dangers to their womanhood as dancing and flirting. [Lyle Dorsett, "Billy Sunday and the Redemption of Urban America" (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991), 101. An extensive collection of Nell Sunday's columns are available in the "Papers of William and Helen Sunday", (Wheaton, IL: Wheaton College, Billy Graham Center, 1978) [microfilm] .] Nevertheless, despite her religious conservatism, Nell Sunday was a proponent of greater opportunities for women. She supported women’s work during the war, and in one column she gloried that “at last, the doors of the Doll House have been opened and women have been invited to come into the great world outside. The rest is in their own hands.” ["Having Faith in Women," "Sunday Papers", Box 11, Folder 5, Reel 17.]

Children

The Sundays’ three sons, pampered but largely reared by strangers, embarrassed their parents with their errant lifestyles.George was arrested for drunkenness and auto theft before he committed suicide in 1932. Billy, Jr. died in an automobile accident in 1938, and Paul, a test pilot, died in an airplane crash in 1944. Furthermore, their oldest child, Helen Haines, though happily married, developed a degenerative disease and died of pneumonia in 1932. [Dorsett, 130-31, 159-160.]

The boys’ ex-wives remained a continuing dilemma for the Sundays. Some blackmailed the evangelist to keep quiet about their children’s infidelities. Others used gentler techniques to extract money, and Nell often provided friendly advice to the women when she responded with financial assistance. [There are numerous letters from wives and ex-wives to the Sundays in the "Sunday Papers". Billy called them "damnable, gold-digging, lazy, useless dolls." Billy Sunday to Nell Sunday (1929), "Sunday Papers", Box 3, Folder 37, Reel 2.]

A career of her own

When Billy Sunday died in 1935, Nell, like many widows, became the guardian of her famous husband’s image; but she also embarked on her own twenty-two year ministry, preaching, encouraging young evangelists, and raising money for Christian organizations, especially rescue missions like Pacific Garden Mission, where her husband had been converted. On one occasion she told Grace Theological Seminary President Alva J. McClain, who was introducing her, “You sit down now so I can talk to these young people about the Lord!” [Roger A. Bruns, "Preacher: Billy Sunday and the Big-Time American Evangelism" (New York: W. W. Norton, 1992), 300.]

A "sketchy housekeeper," Nell Sunday was noted for scavenging food for later meals when invited to dinner. Thriftier than anyone else in the Sunday family, Nell was nonetheless generous with both her time and her money, especially where she perceived a genuine need. Furthermore, she had a sense of humor that "helped her bear heavy tragedies and got her easily over some rough places." And she could laugh at herself as well as others. [Jones, 91-92.]

Nell Sunday lived long enough to speak at early Billy Graham crusades, and she frequently visited Bob Jones College, where she was given an honorary degree in 1940. (A residence hall on the Greenville campus was also named in her honor.) In her later years, Nell Sunday suffered from cataracts, heart attacks, and cancer. In 1957, she died in Phoenix, Arizona, where she had been spending the winter with her grandson Paul Haines. [Dorsett, 160.] At her funeral, old friends conducted her funeral and after two eulogies, Bob Jones, Jr. said, "I can hear Ma Sunday now saying, 'That's enough of this foolishness. Let's get down to business and talk about Jesus.'" [Jones, 94.]

Notes

External links

* [http://billysunday.org Billy Sunday On-line] Compiled by the pastor of King's Valley Chapel in Kingfield, Maine, this website contains Sunday sermons, images, audio, biographical timeline, and online bookstore.
* [http://www.villageatwinona.com/billy-sunday-home.asp Billy Sunday Home & Visitors Center] The Sunday family home, known as “Mount Hood”, is located in Winona Lake, Indiana. Down the hill from the home is the Sunday Visitors' Center, built to resemble the Winona Lake Sunday tabernacle. Winona Lake annually holds a Billy Sunday festival on the first Saturday of August, and "Ma Sunday" gives a guided tour of the Sunday home.
* [http://www.grace.edu/library/ The Morgan Library—Grace College] holds the complete Sunday papers, and a near exhaustive collection of Sunday print materials including biographies, collected sermons, published campaign pieces, and over twenty-five Sunday dissertations and theses.
* [http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/sunday/sunday01.html Archives of the Billy Graham Center] The Billy Graham Center has a large collection of Sunday images and content, including part of the Sunday papers on microfilm [http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/GUIDES/061.htm (Collection 61)] , Sunday ephemera [http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/GUIDES/029.htm (Collection 29)] , and campaign music [http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/GUIDES/041.htm (Collection 41)] .
* [http://www.graveyards.com/IL/Cook/foresthome/se-sunday.html Ma Sunday's grave] and [http://findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=1007 Find a Grave Entry]