Scottish Games in North Carolina

=History of Scottish Games in North Carolina=

The Scottish people have a long and rich history in the state of North Carolina. After the battle of Culloden in 1745, highland clearances left many Scottish clans with no home and nowhere to go. During the time after the clearances, North Carolina became one of the most popular destinations. The local government in North Carolina urged Highland Scots to come to North Carolina by offering them land and tax exemptions. At first, many groups kept to the eastern shores of North Carolina, but as populations in the states rose, many went west in search of farm land and more space. During the revolutionary war, Scottish immigrants fought on both sides. The most famous Scottish resident of North Carolina was Flora MacDonald, who immigrated to the US after the battle of Culloden and lived in Harnett country from 1774 to 1778. After the war, many Scottish Loyalists left the states to go back to Scotland and others went on to Nova Scotia, Canada. There remained, however, a large group of Scots that called North Carolina their home from then on.

The Scots kept their highland culture alive in the United States, speaking Scottish Gaelic among their families and in church. The Scots were unable to practice their cultural heritage in Scotland after the Battle of Culloden. New laws outlawed the use of bagpipes, tartans, weapons and Gaelic. In turn, the Scots embraced their freedom in America and sought to keep their traditions alive in a new way. Highland gatherings were a part of the lives of every Scot in North Carolina. At the very beginning they were used as a time to trade with others, baptize their children, get married and pass along information. The language and culture remained an active part of their lives in the US until after the Civil War, when much of the culture had finally assimilated into the progressing American culture. However, the loss of the Scottish culture in North Carolina did not go unnoticed. It was not until 1956 that the highland games returned to North Carolina as a modern event.

The Beginning of the Grandfather Mountain Highland Games

In 1956, Mrs. Agnes MacRae Morton on Linville, NC and Mr. Donald F. MacDonald of Charlotte, NC co-founded the Grandfather Mountain Highland Games. Donald MacDonald’s vision for the games was based on the Royal Braemar Gathering, which he’d attended a few years before in Scotland in 1954. The Braemar Games had been held there for several hundred years and the Grandfather Mountain Games was often later called “America’s Braemar”. It was special in many ways, by boasting an oval track in which traditional foot races could be held, along with the heavy events in the inner field. The site became a favorite among games attendees very fast for its striking resemblance to the highlands of Scotland. The MacRae family owned the land where the games were held at the foot of Grandfather Mountain in Linville, NC. The McRae family actually founded the town of Linville in 1892 and had always wanted to have a highland gathering there, even if just a small event. In 1955, Mrs. Morton contacted Donald MacDonald, who at the time was working for The Charlotte News and had also founded the [http://www.clan-donald-usa.org/ Clan Donald Society] not long before that as well as helping establish a Robert Burns Society of Charlotte. Knowing his dedication to Scottish culture, Mrs. Morton set out to convince him to help her start highland games in North Carolina. Mr. MacDonald agreed and the first games were held on August 19th, 1956, on the anniversary of the landing of Bonnie Prince Charlie in Scotland and the beginning of the 1745 uprising.

The two set out to model the games after what Mr. MacDonald remembered from the Braemar games and using the program he had brought back with him. The very first games were only one day in length with two bands and a small group of competitions. The games were small at first with only 1500 attendees, but became popular quickly and highland games began spreading throughout the country modeled after the Grandfather Mountain Games.

Today’s Grandfather Mountain Highland Games

The Mission of Today’s Grandfather Mountain Highland Games:

“To carry on and promote the annual Grandfather Mountain Highland Games and Gathering of Scottish Clans, to foster and restore interest in traditional dancing, piping, drumming, athletic achievement, music and Gaelic culture, and to establish scholarship funds to assist students from [http://ww2.averyschools.net/ahs/ Avery County High School] to study at American colleges and universities.”

Anatomy of the Games

There are several events that are currently run during the three day long even at MacRae Meadows on Grandfather Mountain in Linville, North Carolina. Some people come and stay in hotels while visiting, while the more adventurous visitors choose to set up camp sites around [http://www.clan-macrae.org.uk/scotland/articles.cfm?ID=65 MacRae Meadows] . The Grandfather Mountain Highland Games is the one of the largest in the country continuously drawing a crowd of over 30,000 over the four days that it runs. It is only been recently surpassed by the highland games in Pleasanton, California. In 2006, the Games celebrated its 50th anniversary.

The Torchlight Ceremony

Also called “raising the clans”, is a ceremony that long ago was used to call the clans to battle. In this ceremony, each clan brings its torch to announce itself as being present at the games and adds its own torch to the larger bonfire in the center of the field. The ceremony typically begins after sundown and is accompanied by music and piping.

The Parade of Tartans

The final day of the Games begins with a worship ceremony that includes the [http://us.geocities.com/blackbeardian/LonePiper/fergkirk.html “Kirkin’ of the Tartans”] ceremony and then the Parade of Tartans begins. The Parade of Tartans includes every clan attending the Games. Each clan gathers some of its most important members and they parade around the track along with several piping bands. The games typically attract more than 120 different clans each year.

Competitions

Dancing

The Grandfather Mountain Highland Games has been designated by the [http://www.culturalprofiles.org.uk/scotland/Units/903.html Scottish Official Board of Highland Dancing] as the official site of the Atlantic International championship. Each dancer must dance four separate dances laid down by the board of Highland Dancing and each is judged accordingly. People come from all over the world to compete and also to watch the best dancers in the nation compete. The United States Inter-Regional Championship has been held at the games twice in the past, thanks to retired dance director Anne Andrews. Pat Johnston is the director of dance now, and has recently re-started a dance camp in the mountains (a week before the games) by the dreams of Sally Southerland. There is also the chance for everyone to try out their highland dancing skills at the many evening events that feature piping and highland reels.

Games

Besides the traditional track sports, there are several heavy sports competitions that take place throughout the games. One of the best parts about the games is that people of all ages and skill can participate in the games. There is a day for professional competitors and one for amateurs and over 40 competitors as well. In addition, the children at the festival can also have the chance to practice their own skills at traditional highland games. Competitions include the hammer throw, weight toss, turning the caber, turning the sheaf, [http://www.gmhg.org/highlandwrestling.htm highland wrestling] , kilted mile run and the clan tug-o-war.

Traditionally the first events of the Games are the marathon and the bear. [http://www.hopeformarrow.org/gmminfo.htm The Marathon] is a 26 mile long race beginning in Boone, NC and ending at [http://www.clan-macrae.org.uk/scotland/articles.cfm?ID=65 MacRae Meadows] . [http://www.hopeformarrow.org/bearinfo.htm The bear] is a 5 mile foot race that begins at the bottom of Grandfather Mountain and ends at the top of the mountain, a 1500 foot climb. That evening, the opening ceremonies begin with the Torchlight Ceremony ending that day’s events.

In addition to the competitive games, one of the crowd favorites is the exhibitions of sheep herding with border collies on the playing field. The crowds are often delighted by the skill of the border collie’s that herd the sheep across the field and into a penned area.

Music

There are music events for all ages and tastes at the games. The annual Ceilidh (pronounced Kaylee) and Tartan Ball features traditional music and dance. There is also a bagpipe concert that features some of the best pipers from around the country. The festival also offers two concerts, a Celtic Jam and a Celtic Rock Concert on the second and third nights of the Games. Each day there are three Celtic Groves that feature music of different types. Each grove has its own flavor, from the more traditional to the more modern rock groups. The [http://www.gmhg.org/gaelicmod.htm Gaelic Mod] is another traditional form of Gaelic speaking that takes place at the Games. During the mod, competitors sign traditional Gaelic songs, and is held to encourage the use of the Gaelic language throughout the world. Whatever your interest in music, it is an incredible to hear traditional music and word in the colorful setting at the foothills of Grandfather Mountain. There is an extensive summer school for bagpiping and drumming during the weeks leading up to and after the games at the historic Valle Crucis Conference Center in Valle Crucis, North Carolina.

Food and Vendors

At each Grandfather Mountain Highland Games, there are numerous vendors selling everything from kilts and hats, to swords and daggers. Vendors from all over the region come to sell their arts and crafts, all with a distinctly Scottish theme. There are also many vendors that sell traditional Scottish favorites such as haggis, bridies, and fish and chips. There are also vendors that sell packaged food that is difficult to find in the US such as Cadbury candy, shepherds pie mix, and highland honey. Each clan represented at the games is also given a tent that visitors can visit. At most tents, clan organizations have sign up forms for membership and often have clothing and memorabilia with the clan’s crest.

References

Drye, Willie. [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/07/0707_050707_highlandgames.html |“Muscles, Music Keep Tradition Strong at Highland Games”] in National Geographic, July 7, 2005.

Helms, Jesse. [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cocoon/legacies/NC/200002907.html |“Grandfather Mountain Highland Games”] in Local Legacies: Creating Community Roots, edited by the Library of Congress.

Johnson, Lloyd. [http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/110/entry |“Highland Scots”] in North Carolina History Project. [http://www.gmhg.org |History of the Grandfather Mountain Highland Games] . Provided by the GMHG.

ee also

Highland Games

Grandfather Mountain

External Resources

* [http://www.gmhg.org/ |Grandfather Mountain Highland Games]

* [http://www.banner-elk.com/? |Avery County, North Carolina]

* [http://www.grandfather.com/ |Grandfather Mountain]

* [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cocoon/legacies/NC/200002907.html |Library of Congress Local Legacies]

* [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/07/0707_050707_highlandgames.html |National Geographic]

* [http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/110/entry |North Carolina History]

* [http://www.visitnc.com/what_to_do_article.asp?p=e&s=11&sg=34&ArticleID=922 |Visit North Carolina]